基于履带底盘的宽幅可折叠油菜割晒机设计及试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20230122

吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2024, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (12): 3740-3754.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20230122

基于履带底盘的宽幅可折叠油菜割晒机设计及试验

李运通¹(),万星宇¹,廖庆喜^1,²,刘银垒¹,张青松^1,²,廖宜涛^1,²()

^1.华中农业大学工学院，武汉 430070
^2.农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室，武汉 430070

收稿日期:2023-02-10 出版日期:2024-12-01 发布日期:2025-01-24
通讯作者: 廖宜涛 E-mail:liyuntong7188@163.com;liaoetao@mail.hzau.edu.cn
作者简介:李运通（1998-），男，博士研究生.研究方向：油菜机械化生产技术与装备.E-mail：liyuntong7188@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1600502);湖北省农机装备补短板核心技术应用攻关项目(HBSNYT202216);财政部和农业农村部国家现代油菜产业技术体系项目(CARS-12)

Design and experiment of wide folding rape windrower based on crawler type power chassis

Yun-tong LI¹(),Xing-yu WAN¹,Qing-xi LIAO^1,²,Yin-lei LIU¹,Qing-song ZHANG^1,²,Yi-tao LIAO^1,²()

^1.College of Engineering，Huazhong Agricultural University，Wuhan 430070，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Reaches of The Yangtze River，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Wuhan 430070，China

Received:2023-02-10 Online:2024-12-01 Published:2025-01-24
Contact: Yi-tao LIAO E-mail:liyuntong7188@163.com;liaoetao@mail.hzau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对油菜机械化分段收获效率有待提升、专用底盘利用率不高的问题，结合我国联合收割机履带式动力底盘保有量大的优势，设计了一款基于履带底盘的宽幅可折叠油菜割晒机。采用模块化设计方法，开展油菜割晒机的整体设计。提出了“先旋转-再收缩”的宽幅割台折叠方案，实现宽幅可折叠割台与常规收割机底盘配套。基于动力学与运动学分析得到割台折叠位置参数与折叠液压缸负载之间的关系，确定割台旋转点为割台架上边框距离两割台对称面950 mm处，液压缸收缩行程为700 mm。分析确定了拨禾轮、割刀、输送装置的结构和工作参数。阐明割台架与液压折叠悬挂架的载荷和约束，开展了割台展开、折叠状态的静力学分析和拓扑优化结构设计，以应力应变最小为优化目标，经对比评估，采用割台架和悬挂架初始模型材料去除率分别为85%、80%的工程化方案试制样机并开展田间试验。田间试验结果表明：割晒机割台折叠顺畅、运行平稳，割晒后油菜平均铺放角为24.4°，铺放角度差为8.52°，各项指标均满足割晒机田间转移要求和作业质量标准。该研究可为收获机具折叠割台的结构设计优化提供参考。

关键词: 农业机械化工程, 油菜, 割晒机, 宽幅可折叠, 拓扑优化, 模块化设计

Abstract:

In response to the inefficiency in the mechanized segmented harvesting of rapeseed and the low utilization rate of dedicated chassis， and combining with the advantages of the large inventory of track-type power chassis of combine harvesters in China， a wide-foldable rapeseed windrower based on a track-type chassis was designed. Adopting a modular design approach， the structure and the working operations of the windrower were explained. The combine harvester could be adjusted to be a windrower by just switching the header， and the windrower could meet the requirements of road transportation once the header was folded. The header was divided into two bilateral symmetrical parts. During the folding， both of the parts will rotate firstly and then contract to the center of the header. Based on the dynamics and kinematics， the relationship between the folding position parameters of the header and the load of the folding hydraulic cylinder was analyzed. The rotation point of the header was determined to be 950 mm from the inner side of the frame， and the contraction stroke was 700 mm. Furthermore， the structure and working parameters of the wheel， cutter and conveying device were analyzed and determined. The load and constraint of the header frame and the hydraulic folding frame were clarified. The static analysis of the unfolding and folding status of the header and the topological optimization structure design were carried out. With the minimum stress and strain as the optimization goal， the engineering scheme of the initial model material removal rate of the header frame （85%） and the hydraulic folding frame （80%） was determined by comparative evaluation. At last， the field experiment was conducted to evaluate the functions of the windrower. The results of field experiments showed that the header could fold and work smoothly. The average laying angle of the rape was 24.4°， and the difference of laying angle was 8.52°. All the indicators could meet the field transfer requirements of the windrower. This study could provide reference for the structural design and optimization of folding header for harvesting equipment.

Key words: agricultural mechanical engineering, rape, windrower, wide folding, topology optimization, modular design

中图分类号:

S223.2

李运通,万星宇,廖庆喜,刘银垒,张青松,廖宜涛. 基于履带底盘的宽幅可折叠油菜割晒机设计及试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2024, 54(12): 3740-3754.

Yun-tong LI,Xing-yu WAN,Qing-xi LIAO,Yin-lei LIU,Qing-song ZHANG,Yi-tao LIAO. Design and experiment of wide folding rape windrower based on crawler type power chassis[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(12): 3740-3754.

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参数	数值
展开尺寸（长×宽×高）/（mm×mm×mm）	5 450×4 300×2 520
折叠尺寸（长×宽×高）/ （mm×mm×mm）	5 450×2 500×2 520
割幅/mm	4 000
整机质量/kg	4 000
配套动力/kW	72
作业速度/（m·s^-1）	0.8~1.1
作业效率/（亩·h^-1）	17.3~23.8
割茬高度/mm	300~400
单侧铺放通道宽度/mm	700
铺放通道高度/mm	650

主要部件	质量/kg	载荷/N	载荷位置
割台框架	-	-	机架重心
拨禾轮	47.4	1161.3	1
横割刀	21.4	524.3	2
竖割刀	8.1	198.5	3
小输送装置	28.3	693.4	4
大输送装置	33.1	811.0	5

主要部件	质量/kg	载荷/N	载荷位置
液压折叠装置框架	-	-	机架重心
左侧割台	295	7227.5	6
右侧割台	295	7227.5	7

优化条件	去除率/%	质量/kg	最大应力/MPa	最大变形/mm
展开状态	90	107.91	105.99	0.85
	95	96.78	127.27	3.38
	97	95.11	195.73	3.81
折叠状态	80	115.23	118.50	1.78
	85	97.39	149.14	5.26
	90	90.70	222.77	0.98

去除率/%	质量/kg	最大应力/MPa	最大变形/mm
70	179.34	54.55	0.05
80	118.60	66.83	0.14
90	100.45	197.30	1.53

基于履带底盘的宽幅可折叠油菜割晒机设计及试验

Design and experiment of wide folding rape windrower based on crawler type power chassis

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参数	数值
植株高度/mm	1 560
主茎秆直径/mm	19.16
分枝数量/个	8
第一分枝高度/mm	548
种植密度/（株·m^-2）	25
角果层直径/mm	510

测量指标	左侧割台	右侧割台	平均值
铺放角度/（°）	22.6	26.2	24.4
铺放角度差/（°）	7.84	9.20	8.52
铺放宽度/mm	628.6	606.8	617.7
铺放高度/mm	502.0	521.2	512.1
割茬高度/mm	358.3	367.6	362.9

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