不同当量比下单双点火对天然气燃烧特性的影响

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20190548

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对大缸径天然气发动机存在的燃烧速度慢、排温高、热负荷大、易爆震等问题，设计了一套适用于双火花塞点火的可视化定容燃烧系统。结合快速燃烧技术和自然火焰发光法，通过改变燃空当量比，在定容燃烧弹上进行了一系列天然气燃烧的可视化试验，并借助高速摄像机采集缸内动态燃烧过程图像，利用MATLAB数字图像处理技术，对比分析了单双火花塞点火对火焰传播过程、缸内燃烧压力、燃烧持续期等的影响。研究结果表明：在不同燃空当量比下，与单点火相比，双点火均能够缩短火焰传播距离，加快缸内燃烧速度，缩短火焰发展期和主燃烧期，从而提高燃烧的热效率。尤其对天然气稀薄燃烧时效果非常明显，可以有效抑制失火、爆震现象发生，拓宽稀薄燃烧极限，利于燃烧稳定和降低排放。

关键词: 动力机械工程, 双火花塞, 天然气, 定容燃烧弹, 燃烧特性

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of slow combustion speed, high exhaust temperature, high heat load and prone to knock for natural gas engine with large cylinder bore, a visual constant volume combustion system suitable for dual-spark plug ignition is designed in this paper. Combining the rapid combustion technology and the natural flame luminescence method, the visualization experiment of natural gas combustion was carried out on a constant volume combustion bomb by changing the fuel-air equivalence ratio. The images of dynamic combustion process in cylinder were collected by high-speed camera，the effects of single and dual-spark plug ignition on flame propagation, combustion pressure in cylinder and combustion duration were studied by using the digital image processing technology of MATLAB. The results show that under different equivalence ratios, compared with single ignition, the dual ignition can shorten the flame propagation distance, accelerate the combustion speed in cylinder, shorten the flame development period and the main combustion period, and thus improve the thermal efficiency of combustion. Especially for the lean combustion of natural gas, the effect is very obvious, which can restrain the occurrence of misfire and knock, broaden the lean combustion limit, and is conducive to combustion stability and emission reduction.

Key words: power machinery and engineering, dual-spark plug, natural gas, fixed volume combustion bomb, combustion characteristic

中图分类号:

TK46

宋昌庆,陈文淼,李君,曲大为,崔昊. 不同当量比下单双点火对天然气燃烧特性的影响[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2019, 49(6): 1929-1935.

Chang-qing SONG,Wen-miao CHEN,Jun LI,Da-wei QU,Hao CUI. Effects of single and dual ignition on combustion characteristics of natural gas under different equivalence ratios[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2019, 49(6): 1929-1935.

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成分	Vol/%	成分	Vol/%
CH₄	91.87	C₅H₁₂	0.30
C₂H₆	2.53	C₆H₁₄	0.18
C₃H₈	1.24	N₂	2.98
C₄H₁₀	0.77	O₂	0.13

点火方式	峰值压力/MPa	对应时刻/ms	火焰发展期/ms	主燃期/ms
单点火	3.27	126.8	38	74
双点火	3.48	101.2	35	50

点火方式	峰值压力/MPa	对应时刻/ms	火焰发展期/ms	主燃期/ms
单点火	3.57	81.1	32.0	36
双点火	3.76	77.2	32.6	30

点火方式	峰值压力/MPa	对应时刻/ms	火焰发展期/ms	主燃期/ms
单点火	3.05	111.2	45.0	54.6
双点火	3.25	105.6	38.8	44.2