秸秆深埋还田机振动特性分析与结构优化

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20200882

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对玉米秸秆深埋还田机田间作业过程中振动剧烈的问题，对其振动特性进行了研究，并以提高低阶固有频率为目标优化机具结构，提高机具作业效果。通过模态分析，获取机具的固有频率；田间测试得到机具8个测试点的振动特性及功率谱；应用ISIGHT耦合平台对机具主结构进行了参数优化，避开了机具外部主要激振频率。研究表明：机具在田间作业过程中的振动主要由前进速度、自身结构、外部激励及地表情况决定，覆土装置和镇压装置具有一定的吸能减振作用，其中机具尾部已经发生共振；影响机具振动的主频集中在8~16 Hz，接近机具1阶和2阶固有频率；优化后机具主结构的1阶固有频率提升至20.348 Hz，可有效避免共振。田间试验表明，机具优化后作业过程中振动减少，噪音降低，作业效果良好，为秸秆深埋还田机具的设计优化提供了一定的理论参考。

关键词: 农业机械化, 秸秆深埋还田机, 振动, 频率, 结构优化

Abstract:

To solving the problems of severe vibration and poor stability of maize straw deep bury and returning machine during the field operation， the vibration characteristics and influence rules of the machine are studied. In addition， increasing its low-order natural frequency is taken as the goal to optimize the structure of the implement and improve its operating effect. First， the natural frequencies of the machines are extracted through finite element modal analysis. Secondly， through the field testing， the amplitude statistical characteristics and power spectrum of the eight test points on the machines are obtained to analyze their impact on the vibration characteristics of the whole machine. Finally， based on the ISIGHT multidisciplinary software platform， the sequence quadratic programming method is used to optimize the parameters of the main structure of the implements， avoid the main external excitation frequency and optimize the structure of the implement. The research shows that machine vibration is mainly determined by forward speed， its own structure， and the conditions of soil and ground surface. When the implements operate， resonance has occurred at the tail of the frame， the covering device and the suppression wheel have a certain adsorption effect on vibration. Through the analysis on power spectrum， the main frequency that affects the vibration of the implement is concentrated at 8~16 Hz， which is close to the first-order and the second-order natural frequencies. The optimized first-order natural frequency of the main structure of the whole machine is increased to 20.348 Hz， which effectively avoids the resonance. The field experiment shows that the optimized implements can reduces vibration and noise during operation， and the effect of the operation is good， which provides a certain theoretical reference for the design optimization of the maize straw deep bury and returning machine.

Key words: agricultural mechanization, straw deep bury and returning machine, vibration, frequency, structural optimization

中图分类号:

S222.4

高文英,林静,李宝筏,王伟,谷士艳. 秸秆深埋还田机振动特性分析与结构优化[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2022, 52(4): 970-980.

Wen-ying GAO,Jing LIN,Bao-fa LI,Wei WANG,Shi-yan GU. Vibration characteristics analysis and structural optimization of straw deep bury and returning machine[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2022, 52(4): 970-980.

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项目	技术参数
配套动力/kW	45
外形尺寸（长×宽×高）/mm	2790×1490×1560
行数	2
适应行距/cm	55~60
工作幅宽/mm	1200
开沟装置类型	螺旋式开沟
覆土器类型	螺旋式覆土器
秸秆粉碎装置转速/（r?min^-1）	1620
开沟装置转速/（r?min^-1）	270
最大开沟深度/mm	300
开沟宽度/mm	350
整机质量/kg	1050

检查项目	标准	极差值	结果
雅克比	>0.6	0.61	合格
长宽比	<5.0	4.4	合格
扭曲度	<60°	47.21	合格
翘曲	<5°	0.96	合格
三角形百分比	<0.05	0.015	合格

阶数	有限元模态		试验模态		相对误差/%
阶数	固有频率	阵型	固有频率	阵型	相对误差/%
1	14.720	Y轴扭转	13.824	Y轴扭转	6.48
2	17.147	Z轴扭转	17.763	Z轴扭转	3.47
3	36.736	X轴扭转	36.285	X轴扭转	1.24
4	45.248	X轴弯曲+局部振型	45.306	X轴弯曲+局部振型	0.13
5	47.524	Z轴弯曲+局部振型	47.951	Z轴弯曲+局部振型	0.89
6	55.910	X轴弯曲+局部振型	56.277	X轴弯曲+局部振型	0.65
7	60.744	X轴弯曲+局部振型	59.483	X轴弯曲+局部振型	2.12
8	72.910	X轴弯曲+局部振型	74.032	X轴弯曲+局部振型	1.52

阶数	固有频率/Hz	主振型
1	15.374	Y轴弯曲
2	17.028	Z轴扭转
3	34.287	X轴扭转
4	42.753	X轴弯曲+局部振型
5	46.307	弯扭组合
6	52.438	Z轴弯曲+局部振型
7	63.826	X轴弯曲+局部振型
8	75.602	X轴弯曲+局部振型

统计值	测试点
统计值	测试点1	测试点2	测试点3	测试点4	测试点5	测试点6	测试点7	测试点8
有效值	16.518	36.058	49.910	18.608	32.693	38.866	40.462	12.268
最大值	108.127	220.164	304.167	122.486	262.394	270.530	189.750	90.459
最小值	-104.026	-218.275	-286.818	-112.652	-248.461	-249.670	-207.638	-114.673