吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (9): 2034-2043.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20220331

• • 上一篇    

低温环境下燃料电池启动优化控制方法

胡云峰1,2(),于彤1,2,杨惠策1,2,孙耀1()   

  1. 1.吉林大学 汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室，长春 130022
    2.吉林大学 通信工程学院，长春 130022
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-29 出版日期:2022-09-01 发布日期:2022-09-13
  • 通讯作者: 孙耀 E-mail:huyf@jlu.edu.cn;syao@jlu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:胡云峰（1983-），男，教授，博士生导师.研究方向：混合动力汽车能量优化，非线性控制及其汽车应用. E-mail：huyf@jlu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(U21A20166)

Optimal control method of fuel cell start⁃up in low temperature environment

Yun-feng HU1,2(),Tong YU1,2,Hui-ce YANG1,2,Yao SUN1()   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control，Jilin University，Changchun 130022，China
    2.College of Communication Engineering，Jilin University，Changchun 130022，China
  • Received:2022-03-29 Online:2022-09-01 Published:2022-09-13
  • Contact: Yao SUN E-mail:huyf@jlu.edu.cn;syao@jlu.edu.cn

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摘要：

结合燃料电池冷启动过程中的温度变化和结冰情况，建立了面向控制的三阶燃料电池冷启动模型。针对阴、阳极冰体积分数不可测的问题，提出了基于扩展状态观测器冰体积分数估计方法。在此基础上，针对燃料电池冷启动过程中存在的约束和耦合非线性的特点，提出了基于非线性模型预测控制的燃料电池冷启动系统优化控制方法，实现了提高冷启动系统快速性、降低耗氢量的双优化目标。最后，通过仿真实验验证了本文冷启动优化控制方法的有效性。

关键词: 控制科学与工程, 燃料电池, 非线性模型预测控制, 冷启动性能优化控制策略

Abstract:

Combined with the temperature change and icing in the process of fuel cell cold start， a control oriented third-order fuel cell cold start model was established. Aiming at the unmeasurable ice volume fraction of cathode and anode， an ice volume fraction estimation method based on extended state observer was proposed. On this basis， according to the characteristics of constraint and coupling nonlinearity in the cold start process of fuel cell， an optimal control method of fuel cell cold start system based on nonlinear model predictive control was proposed， which realizes the double optimization objectives of improving the rapidity of cold start system and reducing hydrogen consumption. Finally， simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the designed optimal control system of cold start system.

Key words: control science and engineering, fuel cells, nonlinear model predictive control, cold start performance optimization control strategy

中图分类号: 

  • TK421

图1

燃料电池冷启动系统结构示意图"

图2

环境温度对启动性能的影响"

图3

启动电流对启动性能的影响"

图4

扩展状态观测器验证模型输入"

图5

观测器估计性能"

图6

燃料电池冷启动控制系统框图"

图7

NMPC优化控制系统输出图"

图8

NMPC的控制量曲线"

图9

系统输出对比图"

图10

控制量输出对比图"

图11

启动时间与耗氢量对比图"

表1

优化后燃料电池冷启动时间"

环境温度/℃启动时间/s环境温度/℃启动时间/s

-30

-29

-28

-27

-26

-25

-24

-23

87.87

83.57

79.44

75.47

71.66

67.99

64.44

61.01

-22

-21

-20

-19

-18

-17

-16

-15

57.69

54.46

51.32

48.25

45.26

42.33

39.46

36.65

图12

不同环境温度下的控制量曲线"

图13

冷启动优化系统性能对比"

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