残膜捡拾打包机的设计与试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20210788

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了减少农田残膜回收过程中造成的二次污染，降低残膜储运成本，实现农田废旧残膜的规范化管理，设计开发了一种残膜捡拾打包机构。该机构主要由传动系统、捡拾机构、刮板式卸膜机构、打包机构等组成。通过对残膜捡拾过程及受力进行分析，确定了弧形钉齿的安装角度和当前工作条件下的捡拾滚筒转速范围；分析了刮板式卸膜机构的刮膜过程，明确了刮板式卸膜机构的角速度范围；研究了残膜打包装置膜芯形成的水平输送、爬升和回抛3个阶段，分析了其运动过程中的受力，确定了促成膜芯形成的主要因素为后续残膜的推力和钢辊与残膜间的摩擦导送力。选择机具前进速度、捡拾滚筒转速、钢辊转速为试验因素，残膜捡拾率与成捆率为试验指标进行正交试验，得到了影响残膜捡拾率和成捆率因素的主次顺序为：机具前进速度>滚筒转速>打包钢辊转速，在保证残膜捡拾率的前提下，最大限度地提升成捆率，确定了残膜捡拾打包机的较优工作参数：机具前进速度为4 km/h，捡拾滚筒转速为60 r/min，钢辊转速为300 r/min，取较优工作参数进行田间验证试验得到残膜捡拾率和成捆率分别为90.3%和98.4%。残膜捡拾打包机运行平稳可靠，故障率低，具有较高的使用与推广价值。

关键词: 农业机械, 残膜回收, 伸缩捡拾, 圆捆, 打包

Abstract:

In order to reduce the secondary pollution during the recovery of residual film in farmland， reduce the cost of storage and transportation of residual film， and realize the standardized management of residual film scrap in farmland， a mechanism for picking up and packing residual film has been designed and developed. The mechanism was mainly composed of transmission system， picking mechanism， scraper type film unloading mechanism， packing mechanism. Through the analysis of the residual film pick-up process and force， the installation angle of the arc nail teeth and the speed range of the pickup roller under the current working conditions were determined； the film scraping process of the scraper type film unloading mechanism was analyzed， and it was clear that the angular velocity range of the scraper film unloading mechanism； the three stages including horizontal conveying， climbing and throwing back formed by the film core of the residual film packing device were studied， the force during the movement was analyzed， it was determined that the main factors contributing to the formation of the film core were the thrust of the subsequent residual film and the frictional guiding force between the steel roller and the residual film. Three factors were taken as test factors： the machine forward speed， pickup roller speed， and steel roller speed. The residual film pick-up rate and the bundle rate were tested by orthogonal experiments. The primary and secondary order of factors affecting the residual film pick-up rate and the bundle rate was obtained as follows： Machine advancement speed>roller speed>baling steel roller speed， under the premise of ensuring the pick-up rate of residual film， the baling rate was maximized. The optimal working parameters of the residual film pick-up baler were determined： The speed of machine advancement was 4 km/h， the speed of the pickup roller was 60 r/min， and the speed of the steel roller was 300 r/min. Taking better working parameters to carry out field verification tests， the residual film pick-up rate and bundle rate were 90.3% and 98.4%， respectively. The residual film pick-up baler ran smoothly and reliably， with low failure rate， and had high use and promotion value.

Key words: agricultural machinery, recycling of residual film, telescopic pick-up, round bale, pack

中图分类号:

S223.5

张学军,黄爽,史增录,于永良,周鑫城,靳伟,陈勇,洪佳. 残膜捡拾打包机的设计与试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2023, 53(4): 1220-1230.

Xue-jun ZHANG,Shuang HUANG,Zeng-lu SHI,Yong-liang YU,Xin-cheng ZHOU,Wei JIN,Yong CHEN,Jia HONG. Design and test of the remaining film picking and baling machine[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(4): 1220-1230.

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参数	数值
整机尺寸/（mm×mm×mm）	3120×2140×2125
配套动力/kW	≥55
捡拾滚筒转速/（r·min^-1）	60
钢辊转速/（r·min^-1）	300

试验号	试验因素				残膜捡拾率/%	成捆率/%
试验号	A	B	C	空列	残膜捡拾率/%	成捆率/%
1	1	1	1	1	86.8	94.5
2	1	2	2	2	87.6	96.4
3	1	3	3	3	86.6	95.1
4	2	1	2	3	88.5	97.8
5	2	2	3	1	89.8	98.1
6	2	3	1	2	89.4	97.2
7	3	1	3	2	81.4	95.6
8	3	2	1	3	84.5	96.4
9	3	3	2	1	82.3	96.2
（k₁）₁	87.000	85.567	86.900	86.300
（k₁）₂	89.233	87.300	86.133	86.133
（k₁）₃	82.733	86.100	85.933	86.533
R₁	6.500	1.733	0.967	0.400
主次顺序：A>B>C
（k₂）₁	95.333	95.967	96.033	96.267
（k₂）₂	97.700	96.967	96.800	96.400
（k₂）₃	96.067	96.167	96.267	96.433
R₂	2.367	1.000	0.767	0.166
主次顺序：A>B>C

指标	方差来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F	显著性
捡拾率	A	65.442	2	32.721	270.421	***
	B	4.729	2	2.365	19.541	**
	C	1.562	2	0.781	6.455
	e	0.242	2	0.121
	总和	71.975	8
成捆率	A	8.807	2	4.404	187.383	***
	B	1.680	2	0.840	35.745	**
	C	0.927	2	0.464	19.723	**
	e	0.047	2	0.024
	总和	11.461	8

试验号及平均值	捡拾率/%	成捆率/%
1	89.1	98.1
2	90.4	98.3
3	91.3	98.8
平均值	90.3	98.4

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