吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 772-780.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20191177

• 农业工程·仿生工程 • 上一篇    

工业大麻收割机切割⁃输送关键部件作业参数优化

黄继承1,2(),沈成2,3,纪爱敏1(),李显旺2,张彬2,3,田昆鹏2,刘浩鲁2   

  1. 1.河海大学 机电工程学院，江苏 常州 2130221
    2.农业农村部 南京农业机械化研究所，南京 210014
    3.东南大学 机械工程学院，南京 211189
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-23 出版日期:2021-03-01 发布日期:2021-02-09
  • 通讯作者: 纪爱敏 E-mail:huangjicheng@caas.cn;jiam@hhuc.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:黄继承（1985-），男，博士研究生.研究方向：农业收获机械装备.E-mail: huangjicheng@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项项目(S201932);国家自然科学基金项目(51905283);国家现代农业产业技术体系岗位任务项目(CARS-16-E20);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0701405-02)

Optimization of cutting⁃conveying key working parameters of hemp harvester

Ji-cheng HUANG1,2(),Cheng SHEN2,3,Ai-min JI1(),Xian-wang LI2,Bin ZHANG2,3,Kun-peng TIAN2,Hao-lu LIU2   

  1. 1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering，Hohai University，Changzhou 213022，China
    2.Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization，Ministry of Agriculture，Nanjing 210014，China
    3.School of Mechanical Engineering，Southeast University，Nanjing 211189，China
  • Received:2019-12-23 Online:2021-03-01 Published:2021-02-09
  • Contact: Ai-min JI E-mail:huangjicheng@caas.cn;jiam@hhuc.edu.cn

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摘要：

针对工业大麻收割机茎秆切割效率低、输送率低，以及关键作业参数研究空白的现状，本文结合工业大麻茎秆物理特性，运用中心组合试验设计理论开展关键部件作业参数试验与优化，重点研究工业大麻收割机切割-输送作业关键参数中切割速度、链条输送速度、切割位置与夹持点水平间距对切割效率、输送率的影响规律，并以切割效率、输送率为响应指标进行多目标优化。首先对主产区工业大麻茎秆物理和机械力学特性进行研究，并进行与收割相关的物理参数测定，然后采用二次正交旋转组合试验方法设计试验，并用Design-Expert进行数据处理，建立切割效率、输送率的回归数学模型并进行方差分析。通过响应曲面方法分析各因素交互作用对切割效率、输送率的影响，并根据优化目标的重要程度（输送率较切割效率更重要）对回归模型进行多目标优化，得出工业大麻收割机切割-输送关键作业参数的最优组合如下：切割速度为1.33 m/s，链条输送速度为1.35 m/s，切割与夹持点水平距离为63.9 mm。此时切割效率最高、输送率最高，其值分别为44.35 株/s、93.93%。最优参数组合下田间试验切割效率为44.7 株/s、输送率为92.21%，作业性能大幅提升，达到了较为理想的效果。

关键词: 农业机械, 工业大麻, 收割机, 多目标优化, 响应曲面法

Abstract:

In order to improve the cutting efficiency and conveyor rate of hemp harvester， the central composite design experiments were conducted to optimize the working parameters. Firstly， the physical and mechanical properties of hemp stem were studied. Based on composite experiment methods of quadratic orthogonal rotation， the effects of key components' main working parameters， including cutting speed， chain conveyor speed， horizontal distance between cutting and clamping point， on cutting efficiency and convey rate were analyzed. The data were analyzed based on the Design-Expert software. The regression models of cutting efficiency and convey rate were built， and corresponding variance analysis was conducted. The response surface method was utilized to analyze the effects of factors' interaction on the cutting efficiency and conveyor rate， and the multi-objective optimizations were conducted to determine the working parameters for the best cutting efficiency and conveyor rate. The optimal combination of the working parameters of the hemp harvester are the cutting speed of 1.33 m/s， the chain conveyor speed of 1.35 m/s， and the horizontal distance between cutting and clamping point of 63.9 mm. Under this optimal combination， the cutting efficiency and conveyor rate are 44.35 stalks/s and 93.93%， respectively. The field verification test was conducted. With the optimal parameters， and the cutting efficiency and conveyor rate are 44.7 stalks/s and 92.21%， respectively， closing to the model predicted results and greatly improving the harvester performance. The study provides the scientific basis for key components' working parameters optimization of hemp harvester.

Key words: agricultural machinery, hemp, harvester, multi-objective optimization, response surface methodology

中图分类号: 

  • S225.5

表1

工业大麻收割机结构参数及工作参数"

参数数值
外形尺寸（长×宽×高）/(mm×mm×mm)3400×2100×2300
底盘动力/kW74.5
割幅/mm1 600
割茬高度/mm≤100
作业速度/(m·s-1)0.45~1.0
生产率/(hm2·h-1)0.25~0.4

图1

割台结构示意图1-拨禾扶禾装置；2-下链条输送装置；3-上链条输送装置；4-液压马达；5-割台升降油缸；6-割台机架；7-压簧；8-双动刀往复切割器"

图2

工业大麻茎秆外形及组成结构图"

表2

试验因素水平编码表"

因素试验水平
-101
切割速度A/(m·s-1)1.01.21.4
链条输送速度B/(m·s-1)0.91.21.5
切割与夹持点水平距离C/mm306090

表3

验设计方案及结果"

试验编号切割速度 /(m·s-1)链条输 送速度 /(m·s-1)切割与夹持点水平距离/mm切割效率 /(株·s-1)输送率 /%
1-10-13191.54
21104491.26
30-1-14180.50
40-113975.60
50114486.54
60004093.87
710-14191.32
8-1-103283.24
91-103881.20
100004295.50
110004093.20
120004394.58
131014686.10
14-1103292.26
15-1013188.82
1601-14284.68
170004293.36

表4

回归方程方差分析结果"

方差来源切割效率Y1/（株·s-1）输送率Y2/%
平方和自由度dfF值显著水平P平方和自由度dfF值显著水平P
模型361.08917.070.000 6**526.51947.820.000 1**
A231.13198.35<0.000 1**4.4713.650.097 5
B18.0017.660.027 8*146.211119.51<0.000 1**
C3.1311.330.286 715.07112.320.009 9**
AB9.0013.830.091 20.2710.220.652 6
AC6.2512.660.146 91.5611.280.295 7
BC4.0011.700.233 311.4219.340.018 4*
A288.13137.500.000 5**0.2710.220.655 0
B20.4410.190.676 6228.301186.62<0.000 1**
C20.7610.320.587 2101.45182.92<0.000 1**
残差16.4578.567
失拟项9.2531.710.301 54.9631.840.280 6
误差7.2043.604
总和377.5316535.0816

图3

交互因素对切割效率的影响"

图4

交互因素对输送率的影响"

图5

工业大麻收割机田间试验"

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