动臂塔机卸载冲击仿真及试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20210094

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究动臂塔机在卸载冲击条件下的动力学行为，提出了基于非参数模型的起重机虚拟样机建模方法和起重机防后倾试验方法。通过液压防后倾装置特性试验和卸载器卸载试验，建立了描述液压防后倾装置阻尼特性的非参数模型和卸载载荷的激励函数。将动臂塔机刚柔耦合模型与通过单元试验建立的非参数模型集成为起重机虚拟样机模型，进行了系列卸载工况仿真。采用遥操作方法实施了动臂塔机防后倾试验，通过系列载荷试验验证了该仿真模型的有效性。通过虚拟仿真预测了极限卸载工况下起重机结构的动态响应，为起重机关键结构设计提供了定量依据。

关键词: 机械设计, 动臂塔机, 防后倾试验, 非参数模型, 虚拟样机

Abstract:

To address the dynamic behavior of luffing jib tower crane under unloading impact conditions， a virtual prototype modeling method of a crane based on a non-parametric model and a crane anti-backward-tilting test method are proposed. Firstly， through the characteristic test of the hydraulic anti-backward-tilting device （HATD） and the unloading test of the unloader， a non-parametric model describing the damping characteristics of the HATD and the excitation function of the unloading load are established respectively. Then， the rigid-flexible coupling model of the tower crane and the non-parametric model established through the unit test are integrated into the virtual prototype model of the crane， and the virtual prototype simulations under a series of unloading conditions are carried out. The remote operation method is used to implement the anti-backward-tilting test of a luffing jib tower crane， and the validity of the simulation model is verified through a series of load tests. Finally， the dynamic response of the crane structure under extreme unloading conditions is predicted through simulation， which provides a quantitative basis for the design of the key structure of the crane.

Key words: mechanical design, luffing jib tower crane, anti-backward-tilting test, non-parametric model, virtual prototype

中图分类号:

TH212

刘洋. 动臂塔机卸载冲击仿真及试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2022, 52(6): 1292-1300.

Yang LIU. Unloading impact simulation and test of luffing jib tower crane[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2022, 52(6): 1292-1300.

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传感器	型号	量程	安装位置
压力传感器	MBS3050060G1151	250×10⁵ Pa	阀块
倾角传感器	赫斯曼倾角仪	90°	起重臂根
激光测距仪	ODSL96BM/C6-2000	2 m	油缸
拉力传感器	板式电流型50T	50 t	吊钩与脱钩器之间
应变片	BE120-3AA	20 000 μm/m	桁架结构
加速度计	PCB 333B33	±50g	活塞杆

卸载载荷	54%额定载荷	60%额定载荷	67%额定载荷	73%额定载荷
误差/%	2.1	7.3	6.3	9.1
仿真值/10⁵Pa	9.2	10.2	11.9	13.1
试验值/10⁵Pa	9.4	11	11.2	12.0