半独立路权下考虑锂电池SoC预测的有轨电车自适应能量管理策略

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20230762

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为改善传统等效氢耗最小化策略（ECMS）工况适应性差的缺陷，同时进一步提升混合储能系统燃料经济性，提出了一种考虑锂电池荷电状态（SoC）预测的自适应能量管理策略。首先，以国内有轨电车线路及行驶数据为基础，利用马尔科夫链构建半独立路权下有轨电车典型行驶工况。其次，通过自适应卡尔曼滤波法预测锂电池SoC，优化锂电池充、放电过程，增强锂电池可靠性，并以混合储能系统等效能耗最小为优化目标，同时结合粒子群算法优化传统ECMS等效因子，实现负载功率在燃料电池和锂电池间的合理有效分配。最后，在所构建半独立路权下有轨电车典型工况中进行对比分析。结果表明：在所构建典型工况中，本文策略相较于固定阈值策略氢气消耗降低0.63 kg，燃料电池峰值电流降低57.2 A；相较于状态机策略氢气消耗降低1.21 kg，燃料电池峰值电流降低24.6 A，且母线电压及锂电池SoC波动范围均有所改善。

关键词: 混合储能系统, 工况构建, 能量管理, 半独立路权

Abstract:

In order to improve the poor adaptability of the traditional equivalent consumption minimization strategy （ECMS）， and to further enhance the fuel economy of hybrid energy storage systems， an adaptive energy management strategy considering the prediction of the state of charge （SoC） of Li-ion battery is proposed. Firstly， based on the domestic tram lines and traveling data， a Markov chain is used to construct the typical driving conditions of streetcars under semi-independent right-of-way. Secondly， the SoC of lithium battery is predicted by adaptive Kalman filtering method， the charging and discharging process of lithium battery is optimized， the reliability of lithium battery is enhanced， and the minimum equivalent energy consumption of hybrid energy storage system is taken as the optimization target， meanwhile， the equivalent factor of traditional ECMS is optimized by combining with particle swarm algorithm， so as to realize the reasonable and effective distribution of load power between fuel cells and lithium batteries. Finally， a comparative analysis is carried out in the typical working conditions of the constructed tram under semi-independent right-of-way. The results show that， compared with the fixed-threshold strategy， the proposed strategy reduces hydrogen consumption by 0.63 kg and fuel cell peak current by 57.2 A. Compared with the state machine strategy， the proposed strategy reduces hydrogen consumption by 1.21 kg and fuel cell peak current by 24.6 A， and the fluctuation ranges of bus voltage and Li-ion battery SoC are both improved.

Key words: hybrid energy storage system, construction of driving conditions, energy management, semi-independent right-of-way

中图分类号:

U482.1

高锋阳,高智山,杨雨泽,强雅昕,徐昊,史志龙,张浩然. 半独立路权下考虑锂电池SoC预测的有轨电车自适应能量管理策略[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2025, 55(4): 1176-1187.

Feng-yang GAO,Zhi-shan GAO,Yu-ze YANG,Ya-xin QIANG,Hao XU,Zhi-long SHI,Hao-ran ZHANG. Adaptive energy management strategy for trams considering lithi-um battery SoC prediction under semi-independent right-of-way[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(4): 1176-1187.

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序号	参数	含义
1	S/km	行驶距离
2	V_max/（km·h^-1）	最高速度
3	V/（km·h^-1）	运行速度
4	V_avg/（km·h^-1）	平均速度
5	a_max/（m·s^-2）	最大加速度
6	a_avg/（m·s^-2）	平均加速度
7	T_a/s	加速时间
8	T_v/s	匀速时间
9	T_d/s	减速时间
10	P_a/%	加速比例
11	P_v/%	匀速比例
12	P_d/%	减速比例
13	a_std/（m·s^-2）	加速度标准差

主成分名称	贡献率/%
运行速度	44.83
平均速度	26.31
加速度标准差	12.28
平均加速度	4.81
最大加速度	3.09
匀速时间	2.61
加速时间	2.14
减速时间	1.78
匀速比例	0.73
加速比例	0.45
减速比例	0.39
最高速度	0.31
行驶距离	0.26

增量时间/s	累计时间/s	电流	ΔSoC/%
5	5	8I_b	-1.111
5	10	0	-0.111
5	15	8I_b	-2.222
5	20	0	-2.222
20	40	-1.5I_b	-1.389
2	42	-4I_b	-1.167
8	50	0	-1.167

增量时间/s	累计时间/s	电流	ΔSoC/%
5	5	-4I_b	0.556
15	20	-1.5I_b	1.181
4	24	0	1.181
5	29	8I_b	0.069
13	42	-1.5I_b	0.611
5	47	-4I_b	1.167
3	50	0	1.167

参数	取值
母线电压（直流）/V	750
负载功率/kW	280
续航里程/km	>40
最高行驶速度/（km·h^-1）	60
燃料电池单体数量/个	735
锂电池组串并联数	144串2并
超级电容组串并联数	12串3并