2.5吨燃料电池混合动力叉车匹配、仿真及优化

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20220215

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用10 kW燃料电池系统和25 A·h锂电池组（2 kW·h）匹配了一台2.5吨燃料电池混合动力叉车的动力系统，并提出了一种模式识别的功率跟随能量管理策略。在此基础上，建立了整车模型并进行仿真，验证了系统匹配及能量管理策略的有效性。结果表明：在一定程度上锂电池组的稳定荷电状态越低，使用经济性越好；合理的锂电池组切换荷电状态能提高系统的稳定性；燃料电池系统额定功率至少需要大于工况平均功率15%；在启动后锂电池电量下降的动态过程中，较大的锂电池组容量能够减小燃料电池系统平均功率，提高使用经济性，反之则无法维持系统长时间工作，且工作时荷电状态波动率较大，影响使用寿命。

关键词: 车辆工程, 燃料电池混合动力叉车, 叉车模型, 能量管理策略, 混合度

Abstract:

A kind of propulsion system of a 2.5-ton fuel cell hybrid forklift was matched， which mainly consists of a 10 kW fuel cell system and a 25 A·h lithium battery pack （2 kW·h）. And a power following energy management strategy of state recognition was established. The forklift model was created and simulated to verify the system and strategy. The results show that decreasing the keeping state of charge could improve the fuel economy and a reasonable switching state of charge could improve the stability of the system. The rated power of fuel cell system should be at least 15% higher than the average power under working conditions. During the dynamic process of state of charge decline after startup， the large capacity of battery could reduce the average power of the fuel cell system then improve the fuel economy. On the contrary， it wouldn't support the system to work a long time and could lead to an extreme state of charge volatility which would shorten its service life.

Key words: vehicle engineering, fuel cell hybrid forklift, forklift model, energy management strategy, degree of hybridization

中图分类号:

U469.72

陈凤祥,伍琪,李元松,莫天德,李煜,黄李平,苏建红,张卫东. 2.5吨燃料电池混合动力叉车匹配、仿真及优化[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2022, 52(9): 2044-2054.

Feng-xiang CHEN,Qi WU,Yuan-song LI,Tian-de MO,Yu LI,Li-ping HUANG,Jian-hong SU,Wei-dong ZHANG. Matching，simulation and optimization for 2.5 ton fuel cell/battery hybrid forklift[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2022, 52(9): 2044-2054.

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参数	单位	数值
自重	kg	4100
额定载荷	kg	2500
起升高度	mm	3000
最大行驶速度	km/h	13
最大起升速度	mm/s	280
最大下降速度	mm/s	430
最大爬坡能力	%	15

参数	单位	数值
额定功率	kW	10
输出电压	V	30~52
最高效率	%	59
环境温度	℃	-30~55

性能指标	SOC_opt
性能指标	0.7	0.6	0.5
燃料电池系统平均效率/%	54.78	55.11	55.44
耗氢量/g	379.34	364.26	349.78
总等效耗氢量/g	380.50	375.03	371.95
燃料电池系统平均功率/W	6533.90	6304.10	6075.30
锂电池组平均功率/W	-19.80	186.40	385.10

性能指标	SOC_set
性能指标	0.8	0.7	0.6
燃料电池系统平均效率/%	56.04	56.03	56.02
耗氢量/g	133.99	134.04	134.13
总等效耗氢量/g	152.12	152.19	152.25
燃料电池系统平均功率/W	5651.70	5658.70	5661.60
锂电池组平均功率/W	766.30	765.90	763.50