侧排式棉秸秆还田及残地膜回收联合作业机的设计与试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20210931

吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 1514-1528.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20210931

• 农业工程·仿生工程 • 上一篇

侧排式棉秸秆还田及残地膜回收联合作业机的设计与试验

曹肆林^1,²(),谢建华^1,³(),杨豫新¹,刘永瑞²,卢勇涛²,孙博²

^1.新疆农业大学机电工程学院，乌鲁木齐 830052
^2.新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所，新疆石河子 832011
^3.新疆智能农业装备重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2021-09-15 出版日期:2023-05-01 发布日期:2023-05-25
通讯作者: 谢建华 E-mail:125489233@qq.com;xjh199032@163.com
作者简介:曹肆林（1982-），研究员，博士.研究方向：农田废弃物回收与利用.E-mail：125489233@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51965058);兵团中青年领军人才计划项目(2018CB011);自治区创新环境（天山青年计划）建设专项项目(2019Q020);自治区重大科技专项项目(2020A01002-4)

Design and experiment of side row cotton straw returning and residual film recovery combined machine

Si-lin CAO^1,²(),Jian-hua XIE^1,³(),Yu-xin YANG¹,Yong-rui LIU²,Yong-tao LU²,Bo SUN²

^1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering，Xinjiang Agricultural University，Urumqi 830052，China
^2.Mechanical Equipment Research Institute，Xinjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences，Shihezi 832011，China
^3.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment，Urumqi 830052，China

Received:2021-09-15 Online:2023-05-01 Published:2023-05-25
Contact: Jian-hua XIE E-mail:125489233@qq.com;xjh199032@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为适应新疆棉区残膜污染治理“遏制增量”的需要，改善秋后残膜回收机存在的功耗高灰尘大、残膜回收率不高、卸膜距离短、膜秆分离效果差等问题，设计了侧排式棉秸秆还田及残地膜回收联合作业机，同时完成棉秸秆粉碎侧向抛洒还田、残地膜捡拾、膜杂分离、收集压缩、卸膜集堆等多项作业。该机具通过螺旋搅龙将粉碎后的棉秸秆输送到膜间交接行；采用限深尾轮随地仿形，确保根茬高度稳定，并实现残膜捡拾弹齿入土深度稳定；运用风力清杂，在捡拾残膜的过程中实现二级清杂，降低回收后残膜的含杂率；通过输送装置对回收后的残膜进行压实，提高装载量。对主要工作部件进行设计和分析，阐明了拾膜、卸膜、残地膜压缩的功能原理，确定了主要部件结构和工作参数。运用Design-Expert软件设计了三因素三水平响应面试验，试验结果表明，机具最佳作业参数如下：机具作业速度为1.09 m/s、留茬高度为9.37 cm、弹齿入土深度为4.07 cm，棉秸秆粉碎合格率、拾膜率和残膜含杂率为96.20%、88.48%、12.00%。以圆整后的作业参数进行了试验验证，试验结果为棉秸秆粉碎合格率94.83%、拾膜率87.26%、残膜含杂率12.23%，试验结果表明：棉秸秆粉碎合格率、拾膜率和残膜含杂率与理论优化值误差分别为1.4%、0.3%和1.9%。研究方法和成果可为相关装备的研究提供参考。

关键词: 农业机械, 残膜回收, 秸秆还田, 设计, 清杂, 联合作业

Abstract:

In order to meet the needs of 'containing increments' of residual film pollution control in Xinjiang cotton areas， and improve the problems of high power consumption， large dust， low residual film recovery rate， short unloading distance and poor separation effect of membrane stalk in the residual film recovery machine after autumn， a combined operation machine of side row cotton straw returning and residual film recovery was designed. At the same time， many operations were completed such as crushing cotton straw side returning， picking residual film， separating membrane miscellaneous， collecting and compressing， unloading and accumulation. The crushed cotton straw were transmitted to the membrane junction line by spiral stirrer. The depth limit roller was used to imitate the ground to ensure the stability of the stubble height and achieve the stability of the depth of the residual film pickup spring tooth into the soil. In the process of picking up residual films， wind cleaning was used to realize secondary cleaning in the process of picking up residual film and reduce the impurity rate of residual film after recycling. The recovered residual film was compacted by conveying device to improve the loading capacity. The main working parts were designed and analyzed， the functional principle of picking， unloading and compressing residual film were expounded，and the structure and working parameters of the main parts were determined. The response surface test of three factors and three levels was designed by using Design-Expert software. The results showed that the optimum operating parameters of the machine were as follows： the operating speed of the machine was 1.09 m/s， the stubble height was 9.37 cm， the depth of the spring-tooth into the soil was 4.07 cm， and the of cotton straw crushing qualified rate， the film picking up rate and the residual film impurity rate were 96.20%， 88.48% and 12.00%，respectively. The rounded operation parameters were used for experimental verification. The test results showed that the cotton straw crushing qualified rate was 94.83%， the film picking up rate was 87.26%， and the residual film impurity rate was 12.23%. The test results showed that the error between the cotton straw crushing qualified rate， the film picking up rate and the residual film impurity rate and the theoretical optimization value was 1.4%， 0.3% and 1.9%respectively. The research methods and results can provide reference for the research of related equipment.

Key words: agricultural machinery, residual film recovery, straw returning, design, impurity cleaning, integration of operation

中图分类号:

S223.5

曹肆林,谢建华,杨豫新,刘永瑞,卢勇涛,孙博. 侧排式棉秸秆还田及残地膜回收联合作业机的设计与试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2023, 53(5): 1514-1528.

Si-lin CAO,Jian-hua XIE,Yu-xin YANG,Yong-rui LIU,Yong-tao LU,Bo SUN. Design and experiment of side row cotton straw returning and residual film recovery combined machine[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(5): 1514-1528.

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参数	数值
整机尺寸（长×宽×高） /（mm×mm×mm）	6750×2850×2980
配套动力/kW	88.2
工作幅宽/mm	2200
留茬高度/cm	≤10
拾膜率/%	≥85
膜杂分离率/%	≥70
集膜箱容积/m³	5.9
作业速度/（km·h^-1）	6~8
单次作业面积/hm²	1.0

试验序号	机具作业速度 X₁/（m·s^-1）	留茬高度 X₂/cm	弹齿入土深度 X₃/cm	秸秆粉碎合格率 η₁/%	拾膜率 η₂/%	残膜含杂率 η₃/%
1	0	1	1	93.25	80.68	11.24
2	0	0	0	91.28	86.73	10.31
3	-1	1	0	98.21	86.73	13.55
4	-1	0	-1	93.15	88.81	14.51
5	1	0	-1	93.18	80.12	17.24
6	0	0	0	93.68	87.34	10.52
7	0	0	0	93.13	88.63	10.23
8	1	-1	0	92.87	82.61	15.66
9	0	0	0	93.27	84.57	10.67
10	1	1	0	90.05	78.21	16.27
11	-1	-1	0	94.21	90.54	13.65
12	0	1	-1	95.47	81.95	13.02
13	1	0	1	90.44	78.31	16.17
14	0	0	0	92.85	85.16	10.85
15	0	-1	-1	92.45	86.91	13.51
16	0	-1	1	92.07	83.18	11.88
17	-1	0	1	94.56	86.36	13.14

变异来源	自由度	秸秆粉碎合格率η₁/%			拾膜率η₂/%			残膜含杂率η₃/%
变异来源	自由度	平方和	F值	显著水平P	平方和	F值	显著水平P	平方和	F值	显著水平P
模型	9	48.25	4.46	0.0307*	212.34	15.06	0.0009**	83.58	76.84	<0.0001**
X₁	1	23.09	19.22	0.0032**	137.70	87.91	<0.0001**	13.76	113.82	<0.0001**
X₂	1	3.62	3.01	0.1262	30.69	19.60	0.0031**	0.048	0.40	0.5484
X₃	1	1.93	1.61	0.2454	10.72	6.84	0.0346*	4.28	35.40	0.0006**
X₁X₂	1	11.63	9.68	0.0170*	0.087	0.056	0.8204	0.13	1.04	0.3412
X₁X₃	1	4.31	3.58	0.1002	0.10	0.065	0.8055	0.022	0.19	0.6791
X₂X₃	1	0.85	0.70	0.4290	1.51	0.97	0.3584	5.625×10^-3	0.047	0.8353
X₁²	1	0.28	0.23	0.6441	3.20	2.04	0.1960	53.35	441.44	<0.0001**
X₂²	1	2.28	1.89	0.2111	5.02	3.20	0.1166	2.10	17.42	0.0042**
X₃²	1	0.30	0.25	0.6322	20.64	13.18	0.0084**	5.96	49.30	0.0002**
残差	7	8.41			10.96			0.85
失拟	3	5.00	1.96	0.2626	0.15	0.018	0.9961	0.59	3.01	0.1572
误差	4	3.41			10.81			0.26
总和	16	56.66			223.30			84.42

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侧排式棉秸秆还田及残地膜回收联合作业机的设计与试验

Design and experiment of side row cotton straw returning and residual film recovery combined machine

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