构树收获割台设计与试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20211057

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对国家大力提倡农户种植饲用构树，但国内缺乏适用收获机械的现状，结合构树收获特性，以滚刀运动轨迹、构树割茬高度极限值和输送辊对茎秆的抓取要求为指导，以留茬整齐无劈裂、收获完全损失低和枝叶抓取输送流畅为技术要求，开发了能够实现枝叶同收的滚刀回转式构树机械化收获割台，根据Box-Behnken试验设计方法构建滚刀片数、滚刀转速和机器前进速度对割茬高度一致性和收获损失率的回归模型，应用响应曲面方法分析各因素及其交互影响规律，对回归模型进行参数优化，得到最优参数组合：滚刀片数为3，滚刀转速为889.673 r/min，机器前进速度为4.138 km/h，割茬高度一致性为96.482%，收获损失率为0.686%。在最优参数组合下进行验证试验，结果表明，割茬高度一致性为97.12%，收获损失率为0.67%，试验值与预测值相近，本研究可为构树收获机的设计提供参考。

关键词: 农业机械, 割台, 构树, 收获机械

Abstract:

Aiming at the current situation that the state strongly advocates farmers to plant forage Broussonetia papyrifera， but there is a lack of suitable harvesting machinery in China， this paper combines the harvesting characteristics of Broussonetia papyrifera， guided by the moving track of hob， the limit value of cutting stubble height of Broussonetia papyrifera and the requirements of conveying roller for stem grasping， and takes neat stubble without splitting， low complete harvest loss and smooth branch and leaf grasping and conveying as the technical requirements， a hob rotary mechanical harvesting header for Broussonetia papyrifera was developed. According to the box Behnken experimental design method， the regression model of the number of hobs， hob speed and machine forward speed on the consistency of stubble height and harvest loss rate is constructed. The response surface method is used to analyze various factors and their interaction laws， and the parameters of the regression model are optimized. The optimal parameter combination is obtained as the number of hobs 3， hob speed 889.673 r/min and machine forward speed 4.138 km/h， the consistency of stubble height was 96.482%， and the harvest loss rate was 0.686%. The verification test is carried out under the optimal parameter combination. The results show that the consistency of stubble height is 97.12%， the harvest loss rate is 0.67%， and the test value is close to the predicted value. This study can provide a reference for the design of mulberry harvester.

Key words: agricultural mechanization, header, broussonetia papyrifera, harvesting machinery

中图分类号:

S225.8

耿端阳,纪晓琦,牟孝栋,李华彪,杨昊霖,姚艳春,武继达. 构树收获割台设计与试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2023, 53(7): 2152-2164.

Duan-yang GENG,Xiao-qi JI,Xiao-dong MOU,Hua-biao LI,Hao-lin YANG,Yan-chun YAO,Ji-da WU. Design and experiment of harvesting and cutting table of Broussonetia papyrifera[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(7): 2152-2164.

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参数	数值
结构形式	自走式
整机尺寸（长×宽×高）/mm	6360×3050×4130
工作幅宽/mm	2200
初级茎秆输送装置转速/（r·min^-1）	1145
次级茎秆输送装置转速/（（r·min^-1）	1716
配套动力/kW	118
导向轮轮距/mm	1910
驱动轮轮距/mm	1810

水平	滚刀片数X₁	滚刀转速X₂/（r·min^-1）	机器前进速度X₃/（km·h^-1）
1	2	850	4
0	3	900	4.5
-1	4	950	5

试验序号	试验因素水平			割茬高度一致性S_K/%	收获损失率S_L/%
试验序号	X₁	X₂	X₃	割茬高度一致性S_K/%	收获损失率S_L/%
1	-1	-1	0	95.45	1.16
2	1	-1	0	96.78	2.27
3	-1	1	0	96.45	1.46
4	1	1	0	97.02	1.87
5	-1	0	-1	96.54	1.25
6	1	0	-1	96.43	1.67
7	-1	0	1	95.12	1.07
8	1	0	1	96.89	2.17
9	0	-1	-1	96.08	0.94
10	0	1	-1	96.53	1.15
11	0	-1	1	95.12	1.37
12	0	1	1	96.41	0.98
13	0	0	0	96.59	0.70
14	0	0	0	96.54	0.67
15	0	0	0	96.55	0.65
16	0	0	0	96.47	0.73
17	0	0	0	96.68	0.78

变异来源	离均差平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
模型	5.11	9	0.57	62.13	< 0.0001***
X₁	1.58	1	1.58	173.35	< 0.0001***
X₂	1.11	1	1.11	121.47	< 0.0001***
X₃	0.52	1	0.52	56.92	0.0001***
X₁X₂	0.14	1	0.14	15.80	0.0054**
X₁X₃	0.88	1	0.88	96.69	< 0.0001***
X₂X₃	0.18	1	0.18	19.30	0.0032**
X₁²	5.012×10^-3	1	5.01×10^-3	0.55	0.4831
X₂²	0.13	1	0.13	14.19	0.0070**
X₃²	0.53	1	0.53	58.23	0.0001***
残差	0.064	7	9.13×10^-3
失拟	0.040	3	0.013	2.26	0.2233
纯误差	0.024	4	5.93×10^-3
总和	5.17	16

变异来源	离均差平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
模型	4.20	9	0.47	277.30	< 0.0001***
X₁	1.16	1	1.16	687.03	< 0.0001***
X₂	9.800×10^-3	1	9.800×10^-3	5.83	0.0465*
X₃	0.042	1	0.042	25.01	0.0016**
X₁X₂	0.12	1	0.12	72.85	< 0.0001***
X₁X₃	0.12	1	0.12	68.75	< 0.0001***
X₂X₃	0.090	1	0.090	53.53	0.0002***
X₁²	2.10	1	2.10	1251.69	< 0.0001***
X₂²	0.32	1	0.32	192.14	< 0.0001***
X₃²	0.068	1	0.068	40.39	0.0004***
残差	0.012	7	1.681×10^-3
失拟	1.250×10^-3	3	4.167×10^-4	0.16	0.9190
纯误差	0.011	4	2.630×10^-3
总和	4.21	16