公路交叉口照明和限速对视觉搜索能力的影响

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20211145

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决夜间车辆在村镇无信号公路交叉口易与自行车或行人碰撞的问题，基于注意分配理论将驾驶人视野图片亮度、凝视点分布面积、注视点一次马尔可夫平稳分布和累计注视时间作为评价指标，结合Logistics回归构建视觉搜索能力量化模型。设计模拟驾驶试验，采集6种车速和4种照明下的数据验证模型，结果表明模型的正确分类百分比为93.45%。不同照明限速方案的对比结果表明，夜间村镇附近公路交叉口段限速应设为50 km/h，路面平均照度应不低于10 lx。

关键词: 交通运输系统工程, 视觉认知特性, 注意分配理论, 环境照明, 夜间最高限速, 视觉搜索能力

Abstract:

To improve the nighttime safety level of the unsignalized highway intersections that near villages， and reduce the likelihood of crashes between vehicles， bicycles and pedestrians， we used the attention distribution theory and combined with Logistics regression to construct the quantitative model of visual search ability. We selected the pixel brightness of drivers' visual field pictures， gaze area， one-time Markov stationary distribution and cumulative fixation time percentage as the attention distribution indicators. A simulation experiment scenario was built based on simulated driver， and the eye movement data of drivers under six speeds and four lighting schemes were collected to verify the model. The results show that the overall correct percentage of classification of the model is 93.45%. The maximum speed limit of highway intersections near villages should be set at 50 km/h， and the average road surface illuminance should not be less than 10 lx.

Key words: engineering of communication and transportation system, visual perception, attention distribution theory, ambient lighting, maximum speed limit at night, visual search ability

中图分类号:

U491.25

李洪涛,王琳虹,李俊达. 公路交叉口照明和限速对视觉搜索能力的影响[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2023, 53(8): 2287-2297.

Hong-tao LI,Lin-hong WANG,Jun-da LI. Influence of lighting and speed limit on visual search ability at highway intersections[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(8): 2287-2297.

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车速/（km·h^-1）	自行车触发距离/m	行人触发距离/m
80	118	448
70	100	386
60	88	333
50	78	271
40	62	223
30	48	166

突发事件类型	检验对象	组自由度	统计量F	显著性p
自行车	照明	3	0.409	0.747
	速度	5	77.544	0.000
	照明-速度	15	0.333	0.992
行人	照明	3	3.861	0.010
	速度	5	75.861	0.000
	照明-速度	15	0.338	0.991

突发事件类型	检验对象	组自由度	统计量F	显著性p
自行车	照明	3	0.669	0.571
	速度	5	4.717	0.000
	照明-速度	15	0.832	0.641
行人	照明	3	10.451	0.000
	速度	5	23.802	0.000
	照明-速度	15	0.990	0.465

兴趣区域		最小值/%	最大值/%	均值/%	合计/%
道路左侧	外侧	2.17	20.34	6.71	9.28
道路左侧	内侧	0	8.02	2.57	9.28
道路中央	远方	9.34	55.31	31.71	65.35
道路中央	前方	15.22	50.28	33.64	65.35
道路右侧	内侧	0	14.17	4.29	19.65
道路右侧	外侧	7.19	34.49	15.36	19.65
仪表盘		0	12.52	5.71	5.71

兴趣区域		最小值/%	最大值/%	均值/%	合计/%
道路左侧	外侧	1.15	12.71	5.73	8.73
道路左侧	内侧	0	8.59	3.00	8.73
道路中央	远方	19.62	62.13	43.40	79.60
道路中央	前方	22.37	66.84	36.2	79.60
道路右侧	内侧	0	5.22	2.13	7.33
道路右侧	外侧	2.18	11.78	5.20	7.33
仪表盘		0	15.91	4.27	4.27