机电装备载荷谱外推技术研究进展及发展趋势

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20211226

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在梳理、分析国内外机电装备载荷谱外推最新研究成果的基础上，针对机电装备运行过程中的载荷形式及载荷特性，综述了时域载荷外推、雨流域载荷外推（参数雨流外推、非参数雨流外推和雨流矩阵外推）和分位点外推等载荷外推技术的研究进展和对比分析。在大数据的时代背景下，讨论了机电装备载荷谱外推技术的潜在方向与发展趋势。

关键词: 机械工程, 机电装备, 载荷谱, 载荷外推, 时域外推, 雨流域外推

Abstract:

On the basis of combing and analyzing the latest research results of the extrapolation of the load spectrum of electromechanical equipment at home and abroad， this paper summarizes the research progress and comparative analysis of load extrapolation key technologies： time-domain load extrapolation， rainflow load extrapolation （parametric rainflow， non-parametric rainflow， and rainflow matrix extrapolations）， and quantile extrapolation， in view of the load form and load characteristics of the electromechanical equipment during operation. In the context of the era of big data， the potential direction and development trend of the load spectrum extrapolation method in electromechanical equipment are discussed.

Key words: mechanical engineering, electromechanical equipment, load spectrum, load extrapolation, time domain load extrapolation, rainflow load extrapolation

中图分类号:

TB114.3

于立娟,安阳,何佳龙,李国发,王升旭. 机电装备载荷谱外推技术研究进展及发展趋势[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2023, 53(4): 941-953.

Li-juan YU,Yang AN,Jia-long HE,Guo-fa LI,Sheng-xu WANG. Research progress and development trend of extrapolation method in electromechanical equipment load spectrum[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(4): 941-953.

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表1

外推方法对比"

方法	优点	缺点	适用范围
基于BMM模型的时域外推	在样本容量较大时，无需选择阈值，使用简单方便	会忽略部分有效极值点	适用于载荷具有周期性质的场合，例如液压泵^［32］、数控机床恒速切削状态^［20］、风力机^［39］等
基于POT模型的时域外推	在样本容量比较小时，可完成稳定性高的要求	对于合适的阈值选择困难	适用于载荷相对平稳的场合，例如液压泵^［3］、数控机床恒速切削状态^［1］、风力机^［46］、伺服刀架^［47］等
基于MIS模型的时域外推	估计结果对阈值的敏感度低，结果稳定	小样本时，较POT模型极值点选取得少，阈值选择困难	适用于载荷相对平稳的场合，常用于对风荷载^{［29，51］}、车辆荷载^［13］进行极值估计等
参数雨流外推	同时考虑了样本均幅值的影响，适用于信号平稳、雨流矩阵形状简单情况	依赖于样本数据的分布，在选择参数估计方法时存在主观性	适用于平稳随机历程，雨流矩阵较为简单，其中可以用混合分布拟合复杂呈多峰分布的载荷，例如汽车^{［14，53］}、数控机床^［16?18］等
非参数雨流外推	无需假设样本数据服从某种分布，可突破对母体分布的依赖	需要大量的样本数据，核函数和带宽的选择对结果有影响	适用于随机性高，雨流矩阵形状复杂的载荷，例如工程机械^{［10，61，62］}、高速列车^［5，8］等
雨流矩阵外推	能预测短期载荷时间历程内没有出现的大载荷，能完成载荷幅值和频次上的双向外推	在利用穿级计数法时上、下阈值的选择存在难度；计算程序相对繁琐	适用于需要预测对疲劳损伤贡献大的载荷的场合，例如工程机械^{［37，63］}、高速列车^［6，64］等
分位点外推	可综合考虑不同工况的载荷差异	需要与其他载荷外推方法联合使用	适用于需要考虑载荷差异性的场合，例如工程机械^［13］、高速列车^［6］等

表1

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