吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (2): 333-344.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20240837

• 车辆工程·机械工程 • 上一篇    

变海拔下柴油机颗粒捕集器及灰分对柴油机瞬态特性的影响

陈贵升1(),金纳俊哲1,罗国焱1,龚航2(),杨森1,彭益源3   

  1. 1.昆明理工大学 云南省内燃机重点实验室，昆明 650500
    2.昆明理工大学 工程训练中心，昆明 650500
    3.云南菲尔特环保科技有限公司，昆明 650300
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-24 出版日期:2026-02-01 发布日期:2026-03-17
  • 通讯作者: 龚航 E-mail:cgs_yly@163.com;834319423@qq.com
  • 作者简介:陈贵升（1979-），男，教授，博士. 研究方向：内燃机排放与控制. E-mail： cgs_yly@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    云南省基础研究计划重点项目(202401AS070102);大学生创新创业计划项目(S202210674147)

Effects of altitude variation on diesel engine transient characteristics with consideration of particulate filters and ash

Gui-sheng CHEN1(),Na-jun-zhe JIN1,Guo-yan LUO1,Hang GONG2(),Sen YANG1,Yi-yuan PENG3   

  1. 1.Yunnan Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine，Kunming University of Science and Technology，Kunming 650500，China
    2.Engineering Training Centre，Kunming University of Science and Technology，Kunming 650500，China
    3.Yunnan Filter Environment Protection Science & Technology Corporation Limited，Kunming 650300，China
  • Received:2024-07-24 Online:2026-02-01 Published:2026-03-17
  • Contact: Hang GONG E-mail:cgs_yly@163.com;834319423@qq.com

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摘要：

基于GT-Power搭建耦合柴油机颗粒捕集器（DPF）的国六柴油机一维瞬态模型，探讨了变海拔下DPF对柴油机恒转速变扭矩瞬态特性的影响，并研究了灰分层渗透率变化对柴油机瞬态性能及DPF工作特性的影响，同时对DPF载体配比及直径范围进行了优化。结果显示，DPF会导致柴油机瞬态进气流量、扭矩和热效率低于原机，燃油消耗率则高于原机，在高海拔及恒转速增扭矩工况后期尤为明显。钙基灰分对瞬态特性的影响最大，在变海拔恒转速增扭矩工况后期，镁基和锌基灰分会导致DPF压降出现转折。当载体配比超过1.2和载体直径大于190 mm时，DPF对附加燃油消耗率的影响趋于平缓，碳载量的增加会加剧这一趋势。

关键词: 动力机械工程, 柴油机颗粒物捕集器, 国六柴油机, 瞬态特性, 灰分

Abstract:

A one-dimensional transient model of a China VI diesel engine equipped with a diesel particulate filter （DPF） was developed using GT-Power. This study explores the effects of DPF on diesel engine transient characteristics under varying altitudes， specifically focusing on constant-speed， varying-torque scenarios. It also examines how changes in ash layer permeability impact engine transient performance and DPF operation， while optimizing the DPF substrate ratio and diameter range. The results show that the DPF reduces transient intake flow， torque， and thermal efficiency compared to the original engine， while increasing fuel consumption， particularly at high altitudes and in the later stages of constant-speed， increasing-torque conditions. Calcium-based ash has the most significant impact on transient characteristics. During the later stages of these conditions under varying altitudes， magnesium- and zinc-based ash cause a shift in DPF pressure drop. When the substrate ratio exceeds 1.2 and the substrate diameter exceeds 190 mm， the impact on additional fuel consumption stabilizes， although increased carbon loading intensifies this trend.

Key words: power machinery and engineering, diesel particulate filter （DPF）, China VI diesel engine, transient characteristicse, ash

中图分类号: 

  • TK422

图1

DPF压降组成图"

表1

发动机主要技术参数"

名 称参 数
发动机机型直列4缸
燃油喷射系统电控高压共轨系统
进气形式增压中冷
压缩比16.60
排量/L2.97
额定功率/kW125/（2 800 r·min-1）
最大转矩/（N·m）500/（1 200~2 200 r·min-1）

表2

DPF技术参数"

名称参数
材质碳化硅
直径/in7.5
长度/in5
孔密度/cpsi300
体积/L3.62
壁厚/mil10
配比/%1.22

图2

恒转速增扭矩工况试验值和模拟值对比"

图3

恒转速减扭矩工况试验值和模拟值对比"

图4

恒转速增扭矩下对柴油机性能的影响"

图5

恒转速减扭矩下对柴油机性能的影响"

表3

不同润滑油添加剂形成的灰分层渗透率［17］"

灰分层类型润滑油添加剂灰分层渗透率/m2
Ca基灰分层Ca基润滑油1.67×10-14
Zn基灰分层Zn基润滑油8.56×10-14
Mg基灰分层Mg基润滑油5.74×10-13

图6

恒转速增扭矩下灰分层渗透率对柴油机性能的影响"

图7

恒转速减扭矩下灰分层渗透率对柴油机性能的影响"

图8

恒转速增扭矩下DPF壁厚对DPF压降的影响"

图9

恒转速减扭矩下DPF壁厚对DPF压降的影响"

图10

恒转速增扭矩下灰分层渗透率对DPF压降的影响"

图11

恒转速减扭矩下灰分层渗透率对DPF压降的影响"

表4

不同DPF配比载体参数"

参数配比
1.11.21.351.441.53
直径/mm143.8190.5170.2190.5170.2
载体长度/mm203.2127.0177.8152.4203.2
载体体积/L3.303.604.054.344.60
总灰分量/g0/300/300/300/300/30
总碳载量/g0/180/180/180/180/18

图12

不同海拔下载体配比对附加燃油消耗率的影响"

图13

不同海拔下载体直径对附加燃油消耗率的影响"

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