不同挡板结构对油箱内油液晃动特性的数值分析

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20190925

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

当汽车处于变工况行驶时，油液在油箱内反复晃动会造成晃动噪声、高变速工况下油液供给中断、油气挥发量增加和油箱及其内置件结构损坏等问题产生。为了优化油液防晃结构，创建了充液油箱三维有限元模型，同时验证了仿真参数设置的合理性，并通过试验验证了仿真结果的准确性。利用VOF法，分别模拟了无孔、少孔和多孔挡板、圆孔和椭圆孔挡板、高低挡板和6种不同形状挡板对油液晃动的影响。基于自由液面面积，提出了时面值概念。对比油液晃动参数可知：带少孔、圆孔挡板结构为最优挡板结构，能够有效降低油液晃动压力和时面值；波纹形和直线形挡板分别对油液中心点和中心线晃动压力抑制效果较好，偏心圆弧形挡板作用下油液晃动压力最大；多圆弧形和波纹形挡板作用下时面值分别为最大和最小；挡板明显衰减自由液面面积变化幅度；油液惯性力和重力共同作用有利于时面值的降低。

关键词: 车辆工程, 汽车油箱, 油液晃动, 挡板结构, 时面值

Abstract:

Under variable working conditions， the repeated oil liquid sloshing often results in sloshing noise， the interruption of oil liquid supply under the fast change of acceleration， the increase of evaporative emissions， and the structural damage of fuel tank and its inner parts. To optimize the suppression structure of oil liquid sloshing， the 3D finite element models of fuel tank filled with oil liquid are established， and the rationality of simulation parameters are verified. The accuracy of simulation results are verified by test. The influences of baffles with no holes， few holes and a large number of holes， high and low baffles and six different shapes of baffles on oil liquid sloshing are simulated by VOF method. The concept of time-area value is proposed on the basis of free oil liquid surface area. Comparing the parameters of oil liquid sloshing， it can be seen that the best structure is baffles with few holes and circular holes， which effectively reduces the pressure of oil liquid sloshing and time-area value. The corrugated and straight baffles have positive influence on suppressing the sloshing pressure of oil liquid at the center point and on the center line， respectively. The sloshing pressure of oil liquid is the greatest in fuel tank with eccentric arc baffles. The maximum and minimum time-area values of oil liquid are in fuel tank with multi-arc and corrugated baffles， respectively. The baffles obviously attenuate the change amplitude of free oil liquid surface area. The combined action of inertia force and gravity is beneficial to the decrease in time-area values.

Key words: vehicle engineering, automobile fuel tank, oil liquid sloshing, baffle structure, time-area value

中图分类号:

U464.136

张恩慧,何仁,苏卫东. 不同挡板结构对油箱内油液晃动特性的数值分析[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2021, 51(1): 83-95.

En-hui ZHANG,Ren HE,Wei-dong SU. Numerical analysis of oil liquid sloshing characteristics in fuel tank with different baffle structures[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2021, 51(1): 83-95.

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参考文献 14

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油液加速度	不同时间下的误差率/%					误差率最大值
油液加速度	0~0.99 s	1~1.99 s	2~2.99 s	3~3.99 s	4~5 s	误差率最大值
0.1g	4.82	4.05	2.98	2.64	2.34	4.82
0.2g	4.97	3.51	2.46	1.84	1.28	4.97
0.3g	4.81	3.67	2.68	2.06	1.35	4.81
0.4g	4.75	4.31	3.47	3.51	1.38	4.75

挡板中孔的类型	不同时间下中心点压力/Pa								最大压力值/Pa
挡板中孔的类型	1 s	2 s	3 s	4 s	5 s	6 s	7 s	8 s	最大压力值/Pa
无孔	205.31	205.31	205.56	205.73	199.48	199.41	199.47	199.48	205.73
少孔	171.97	164.25	164.18	164.51	181.11	179.88	179.69	179.65	181.11
多孔	160.03	162.13	162.65	162.46	189.36	190.28	189.92	188.92	190.28

挡板中孔的形状	不同时间下中心点压力/Pa								最大压力值/Pa
挡板中孔的形状	1 s	2 s	3 s	4 s	5 s	6 s	7 s	8 s	最大压力值/Pa
圆孔	171.97	164.25	164.18	164.51	181.11	179.88	179.69	179.65	181.11
椭圆孔	199.82	185.58	188.47	192.42	194.53	198.09	197.31	197.67	199.82

挡板尺寸	不同时间下中心点压力/Pa								最大压力值/Pa
挡板尺寸	1 s	2 s	3 s	4 s	5 s	6 s	7 s	8 s	最大压力值/Pa
高挡板	171.97	164.25	164.18	164.51	181.11	179.88	179.69	179.65	181.11
低挡板	181.48	173.19	177.79	178.77	191.63	187.75	187.45	187.69	191.63

时间/s	直线形挡板	圆弧形挡板	多段线形挡板	多圆弧形挡板	波纹形挡板	偏心圆弧形挡板
最大压力值	179.88	164.48	196.28	190.68	170.09	207.82
1	171.97	161.41	185.59	190.68	153.19	196.35
2	164.25	145.99	182.52	160.99	146.37	185.53
3	164.18	145.29	183.16	155.99	146.34	188.59
4	164.51	150.33	184.61	160.82	147.36	191.26
5	181.12	150.33	193.13	180.19	165.71	193.95
6	179.88	163.84	196.28	189.53	170.09	207.66
7	179.69	164.48	192.71	186.34	168.85	207.82
8	179.65	163.74	193.49	185.94	168.71	206.81