交替换岗式大豆小区育种排种器优化设计与试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20210570

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对大豆小区育种清换种复杂的问题，设计了交替换岗大豆小区育种排种器。采用双排种盘交替作业完成清换种作业，采用离散元软件模拟了不同结构尺寸的排种器的投种、清种工作过程，以排种盘转速、下限角度、种箱宽度为试验因素，以单粒率、多粒率、空粒率为试验指标，采用3因素5水平二次回归正交旋转组合设计试验方法进行试验。试验结果表明：对单粒率，排种盘转速、下限角度、种箱宽度影响为极显著（P<0.01）；对多粒率，排种盘转速、下限角度影响为极显著（P<0.01），种箱宽度为显著（P<0.05）；对空粒率，排种盘转速、下限角度、种箱宽度影响为极显著（P<0.01）。当排种盘转速为45 r/min时，种箱宽度在9~15 mm，下限角度在92°~140°之间，可获得合格指数大于90%，重播指数小于5%，漏播指数小于5%。在最优组合参数下，制作排种器并进行田间试验，结果表明：仿真结果与理论结果基本吻合，该排种器清换种简洁高效，种子无残留，有效解决了清换种复杂的问题。

关键词: 农业机械化工程, 小区育种, 排种器, 清换种, 结构优化, 离散元

Abstract:

In view of the complex problem of clearing and changing seeds in soybean plot breeding， a seed metering device was designed for soybean plot breeding with alternate post changing， the seed feeding and clearing processes of seed metering devices with different structural sizes were simulated by discrete element software. The rotation speed of seed metering plate， the lower limit angle and the width of seed box were taken as experimental factors， and the single grain rate， multiple grain rate and empty grain rate were taken as experimental indexes， and the experiment was carried out by using the experimental method of 3-factor 5-level quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design. The results showed that： the effect on single seed rate， rotation speed of metering tray， lower limit angle and width of seed box was extremely significant （P<0.01）；The effect on multiple seed rate， rotation speed of seed plate and lower limit angle was extremely significant （P<0.01）， and the width of seed box was significant （P<0.05）； The results showed that there were significant effects on empty particle rate， rotation speed of metering tray， lower limit angle and width of seed box （P<0.01）. The width of seed box was 9~15 mm and the lower limit angle was 92°~140°， when the rotation speed of seed tray was 45 r/min. The qualified index is more than 90%， the replay index is less than 5%， and the miss index is less than 5%. The results show that the simulation results are basically consistent with the theoretical results. The seed cleaning and exchange of the metering device is simple and efficient， and there is no residual seeds， which effectively solves the complex problem of seed cleaning and exchange.

Key words: agricultural mechanization engineering, plot breeding, seed metering device, seed cleaning, structure optimization, discrete element method

中图分类号:

S223.2

顿国强,刘文辉,毛宁,吴星澎,纪文义,马洪岩. 交替换岗式大豆小区育种排种器优化设计与试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2023, 53(1): 285-296.

Guo-qiang DUN,Wen-hui LIU,Ning MAO,Xing-peng WU,Wen-yi JI,Hong-yan MA. Optimization design and experiment of alternate post changing seed metering device for soybean plot breeding[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(1): 285-296.

图/表 24

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表5

方差分析"

评价指标	来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
单粒率	模型	209.36	9	23.36	114.84	<0.0001
	X₁	31.02	1	31.02	153.11	<0.0001
	X₂	11.38	1	11.38	56.19	<0.0001
	X₃	4.92	1	4.92	24.29	0.0003
	X₁X₂	12.58	1	12.58	62.08	<0.0001
	X₁X₃	0.62	1	0.62	3.07	0.1034
	X₂X₃	7.16	1	7.16	35.36	<0.0001
	$X 12$	68.74	1	68.74	339.37	<0.0001
	$X 22$	71.81	1	71.81	354.53	<0.0001
	$X 32$	2.44	1	2.44	12.04	0.0041
	残差	2.63	13	0.20
	失拟项	0.41	5	0.082	0.3	0.9023
	纯误差	2.22	8	0.28
	总变异	212.00	22
多粒率	模型	25.03	9	2.78	11.36	<0.0001
	X₁	3.34	1	3.34	13.66	0.0027
	X₂	10.20	1	10.20	41.66	<0.0001
	X₃	1.39	1	1.39	5.68	0.0331
	X₁X₂	1.05	1	1.05	4.29	0.0587
	X₁X₃	0.068	1	0.068	0.28	0.6059
	X₂X₃	0.072	1	0.072	0.29	0.5963
	$X 12$	1.09	1	1.09	4.46	0.0546
	$X 22$	7.14	1	7.14	29.18	<0.0001
	$X 32$	0.66	1	0.66	2.71	0.1234
	残差	3.18	13	0.24
	失拟项	1.69	5	0.34	1.81	0.2180
	纯误差	1.50	8	0.19
	总变异	28.22	22
空粒率	模型	213.48	9	23.72	63.88	<0.0001
	X₁	54.73	1	54.73	147.4	<0.0001
	X₂	43.13	1	43.13	116.17	<0.0001
	X₃	11.54	1	11.54	31.09	<0.0001
	X₁X₂	6.35	1	6.35	17.11	0.0012
	X₁X₃	1.10	1	1.10	2.97	0.1085
	X₂X₃	5.80	1	5.80	15.61	0.0017
	$X 12$	52.50	1	52.50	141.41	<0.0001
	$X 22$	33.66	1	33.66	90.65	<0.0001
	$X 32$	5.65	1	5.65	15.21	0.0018
	残差	4.83	13	0.37
	失拟项	1.73	5	0.35	0.90	0.5261
	纯误差	3.09	8	0.39
	总变异	218.30	22

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大豆品种	指标	长度L/mm	宽度W/mm	厚度T/mm	均径d/mm	密度ρ/（g·mm^-3）
合农60	最大值	8.59	7.37	6.94	7.63	1.22
	最小值	5.43	5.66	5.12	5.60	1.22
	均值	6.64	6.51	5.99	6.52	1.22
	标准差	0.462	0.360	0.379	0.278	0.03

位置	变量	数值
大豆颗粒	泊松比	0.25
	剪切模量/Pa	1.04×10⁶
	密度/（kg·m^-3）	1230
塑料壁面	泊松比	0.30
	剪切模量/Pa	1.04×10⁷
	密度/（kg·m^-3）	1290
种刷	泊松比	0.40
	剪切模量/Pa	1.1×10⁸
	密度/（kg·m^-3）	1150
大豆?大豆	恢复系数	0.60
	静摩擦因数	0.45
	滚动摩擦因数	0.05
大豆?壁面	恢复系数	0.60
	静摩擦因数	0.40
	滚动摩擦因数	0.01
大豆?种刷	恢复系数	0.45
	静摩擦因数	0.50
	滚动摩擦因数	0.01

水平	排种盘转速ω /（r·min^-1）	下限角度φ /（°）	种箱宽度w_z /mm
1.682	70.00	150.00	15.00
1	61.89	135.81	13.78
0	50.00	115.00	12.00
-1	38.11	94.19	10.22
-1.682	30.00	80.00	9.00

序号	因素水平			试验结果
序号	排种盘转速X₁	下限角度X₂	种箱宽度X₃	单粒率y₁/%	多粒率y₂/%	空粒率y₃/%
1	-1.000	-1.000	-1.000	91.62	3.62	4.76
2	1.000	-1.000	-1.000	86.34	3.26	10.4
3	-1.000	1.000	-1.000	92.54	5.73	1.73
4	1.000	1.000	-1.000	92.95	3.56	3.49
5	-1.000	-1.000	1.000	92.36	3.13	4.51
6	1.000	-1.000	1.000	86.64	2.04	11.32
7	-1.000	1.000	1.000	90.17	5.26	4.57
8	1.000	1.000	1.000	88.79	3.08	8.13
9	-1.682	0.000	0.000	91.54	4.14	4.32
10	1.682	0.000	0.000	86.42	3.57	10.01
11	0.000	-1.682	0.000	87.37	3.16	9.47
12	0.000	1.682	0.000	90.33	6.86	2.81
13	0.000	0.000	-1.682	94.56	3.04	2.4
14	0.000	0.000	1.682	92.95	2.03	5.02
15	0.000	0.000	0.000	94.79	3.23	1.98
16	0.000	0.000	0.000	95.28	3.14	1.58
17	0.000	0.000	0.000	94.16	3.22	2.62
18	0.000	0.000	0.000	94.12	2.98	2.9
19	0.000	0.000	0.000	94.96	3.62	1.42
20	0.000	0.000	0.000	95.42	2.06	2.52
21	0.000	0.000	0.000	94.17	2.81	3.02
22	0.000	0.000	0.000	95.26	3.28	1.46
23	0.000	0.000	0.000	95.12	2.96	1.92

试验次数	合格指数y_s/%	重播指数y_d/%	漏播指数y_m/%
平均值	94.51	2.60	2.89
1	94.21	2.96	2.83
2	94.06	3.23	2.71
3	94.57	2.06	3.37
4	95.21	2.14	2.65