基于自适应LQR控制的质子交换膜燃料电池热管理系统温度控制

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20220259

吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (9): 2014-2024.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20220259

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基于自适应LQR控制的质子交换膜燃料电池热管理系统温度控制

裴尧旺¹(),陈凤祥¹(),胡哲²,翟双²,裴冯来³,张卫东⁴,焦杰然¹

^1.同济大学汽车学院，上海 201804
^2.上海重塑能源集团股份有限公司，上海 201800
^3.上海机动车检测认证技术研究中心有限公司，上海 201805
^4.海南大学信息与通信工程学院，海口 570228

收稿日期:2022-03-17 出版日期:2022-09-01 发布日期:2022-09-13
通讯作者: 陈凤祥 E-mail:peiyw1997@163.com;fxchen@tongji.edu.cn
作者简介:裴尧旺（1997-），男，博士研究生. 研究方向：燃料电池热管理技术.E-mail：peiyw1997@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(U21A20166)

Temperature control of proton exchange membrane fuel cell thermal management system based on adaptive LQR control

Yao-wang PEI¹(),Feng-xiang CHEN¹(),Zhe HU²,Shuang ZHAI²,Feng-lai PEI³,Wei-dong ZHANG⁴,Jie-ran JIAO¹

^1.School of Automotive Studies，Tongji University，Shanghai 201804，China
^2.Shanghai Re-fire Technology Co. ，Ltd. ，Shanghai 201800，China
^3.Shanghai Motor Vehicle Inspection Certification & Tech Innovation Center Co. ，Ltd. ，Shanghai 201805，China
^4.College of Information and Communication Engineering，Hainan University，Haikou 570228，China

Received:2022-03-17 Online:2022-09-01 Published:2022-09-13
Contact: Feng-xiang CHEN E-mail:peiyw1997@163.com;fxchen@tongji.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了提高燃料电池的运行效率，必须对其工作温度进行有效控制。本文在Matlab/Simulink平台上搭建了热管理系统模型，该模型可用于分析各零部件之间的流量分配、压力损失以及热量交换。在此模型基础上，提出了一种自适应的线性二次型调节器（LQR）控制器，并在不同工况下与LTI-LQR和LQI控制器进行了仿真对比验证。仿真结果显示：阶跃响应测试下，自适应LQR控制器无稳态误差、无超调、上升时间为15 s；动态性能测试下，电堆出口温度在全局范围内均能快速地跟踪参考值，说明该控制器具有良好的控制性能。

关键词: 车辆工程, 质子交换膜燃料电池, 热管理系统, 动态反馈增益, 线性二次型调节器

Abstract:

In order to improve the operation efficiency of fuel cell， its working temperature must be effectively controlled. In this paper， the thermal management system model is built on the Matlab/Simulink platform. The model can be used to analyze the flow distribution， pressure loss and heat exchange between various parts. Based on this model， an adaptive linear quadratic regulator （LQR） controller is proposed and compared with LTI-LQR and LQI controllers under different working conditions. The simulation results show that under the step response test， the adaptive LQR controller has no steady-state error， no overshoot and the rising time is 15 s； under the dynamic performance test， the stack outlet temperature can quickly track the reference value in the global range， which fully reflects the advantages of the controller.

Key words: vehicle engineering, proton exchange membrane fuel cell（PEMFC）, thermal management system, dynamic feedback gain, linear quadratic regulator（LQR）

中图分类号:

U469.72

裴尧旺,陈凤祥,胡哲,翟双,裴冯来,张卫东,焦杰然. 基于自适应LQR控制的质子交换膜燃料电池热管理系统温度控制[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2022, 52(9): 2014-2024.

Yao-wang PEI,Feng-xiang CHEN,Zhe HU,Shuang ZHAI,Feng-lai PEI,Wei-dong ZHANG,Jie-ran JIAO. Temperature control of proton exchange membrane fuel cell thermal management system based on adaptive LQR control[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2022, 52(9): 2014-2024.

图/表 16

图1

图2

图3

表1

110 kW电堆额定工况参数"

参数	数值	参数	数值
?	0.85	I_st/A	477
A_st/m²	1.5	n_cell	370
T_st/K	356	λ	2
T_amb/K	298	φ	0.21
$Δ T a i r$ /K	10

表1

图4

图5

图6

图7

表2

平衡工作点参数"

参数	序号
参数	1	2	3	4	5
$I s t / A$	100	200	300	400	500
$U / V$	0.79	0.75	0.71	0.68	0.63
$m ˙ c o l$ /（kg·s^-1）	2.47	2.88	3.21	3.53	3.95
$T s t / K$	343.76	351.74	358.91	360.02	361.25
$T s t_e / K$	342.93	350.00	356.15	356.15	356.15
$T r a d_e / K$	310.41	324.22	333.97	339.49	344.38
$T i l o o p_e / K$	342.93	350.00	356.15	356.15	356.15
α	0.085	0.20	0.32	0.55	0.91

表2

表3

各平衡工作点的LTI模型"

序号	$I s t / A$	A	$B u$	$B w$	C
1	100	$- 0.4762 0.4762 0 ??????????? 0 ??????????? 2.6582 - 3.4461 0.7209 0.0670 0 ??????????? 4.3254 - 4.3254 0 ??????????? 0 ??????????? 0.1005 0 ??????????? - 0.3663$	$0 ??????????? - 25.6258 0 ??????????? 38.4386$	$3.9384 × 10 - 3 0 ??????????? 0 0 ??????????? 0 0 ??????????? 0 0.2658$	$[0100]$
2	200	$- 0.4762 0.4762 0 ??????????? 0 ??????????? 2.6582 - 3.5769 0.7383 0.1803 0 ??????????? 4.4300 - 4.4300 0 ??????????? 0 ??????????? 0.2705 0 ??????????? - 0.5363$	$0 ??????????? - 23.6780 0 ??????????? 35.5163$	$2.8860 × 10 - 3 0 ??????????? 0 0 ??????????? 0 0 ??????????? 0 0.2658$	$[0100]$
3	300	$- 0.4762 0.4762 0 ??????????? 0 ??????????? 2.6582 - 3.6820 0.6933 0.3306 0 ??????????? 4.1598 - 4.1598 0 ??????????? 0 ??????????? 0.4959 0 ??????????? - 0.8016$	$0 ??????????? - 22.7106 0 ??????????? 34.0659$	$2.8857 × 10 - 3 0 ??????????? 0 0 ??????????? 0 0 ??????????? 0 0.2415$	$[0100]$
4	400	$- 0.4762 0.4762 0 ??????????? 0 ??????????? 2.6582 - 3.7829 0.4731 0.6517 0 ??????????? 3.0408 - 3.0408 0 ??????????? 0 ??????????? 0.9269 0 ??????????? - 1.2990$	$0 ??????????? - 18.7379 0 ??????????? 28.1068$	$4.6103 × 10 - 3 0 ??????????? 0 0 ??????????? 0 0 ??????????? 0 0.3721$	$[0100]$
5	500	$- 0.4762 0.4762 0 ??????????? 0 ??????????? 2.6582 - 3.9182 0.1086 1.1514 0 ??????????? 0.6517 - 0.6517 0 ??????????? 0 ??????????? 1.7270 0 ??????????? - 2.1656$	$0 ??????????? - 13.5515 0 ??????????? 22.2447$	$4.8587 × 10 - 3 0 ??????????? 0 0 ??????????? 0 0 ??????????? 0 0.4386$	$[0100]$

表3

图8

表4

各平衡工作点K值"

序号	$I s t$ /A	$K$
1	100	$- 1.0664 ??? - 9.6349 ?? - 0.0675 ??? 0.2338 ? - 1$
2	200	$- 1.0745 ??? - 9.6196 ?? - 0.0700 ??? 0.2288 ? - 1$
3	300	$- 0.9893 ?? - 9.6083 ?? - 0.0694 ??? 0.2223 ?? - 1$
4	400	$- 0.9566 ?? - 9.5642 ?? - 0.0665 ??? 0.2068 ?? - 1$
5	500	$- 1.1747 ?? - 9.4207 ?? - 0.0708 ??? 0.1896 ??? - 1$

表4

图9

图10

图11

图12

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基于自适应LQR控制的质子交换膜燃料电池热管理系统温度控制

Temperature control of proton exchange membrane fuel cell thermal management system based on adaptive LQR control

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