AA6061⁃T6铝薄板无针搅拌摩擦点焊接头结构及性能分析

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20210937

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以车身覆盖件用1.5 mm厚AA6061-T6铝薄板为研究对象，采用Box-Behnken试验设计分析了不同焊接参数对无针搅拌摩擦点焊（PFSSW）接头力学性能及断裂模式的影响规律。通过响应面方法（RSM）对PFSSW接头的拉剪性能进行优化。结果表明：焊点的金相呈现“盆形”结构，当搅拌头转速为2950 r/min、下压量为0.6 mm和停留时间为7 s时，接头的最高拉剪失效载荷为6.41 kN。PFSSW焊点断口呈现3种断裂模式。其中，焊核拔出模式下接头的平均失效载荷最高（6.26 kN），界面分离断裂模式最低（4.89 kN），混合断裂模式居中（5.60 kN）。

关键词: 车辆工程, 无针搅拌摩擦点焊, 拉剪失效载荷, 参数优化, 微观结构, 断口形貌

Abstract:

The effect of welding parameters on the tensile-shear mechanical properties and the fracture modes of probeless friction stir spot welding（PFSSW） joints was analyzed by Box-Behnken test design. The base material is 1.5 mm thick AA6061-T6 aluminum thin plate， which is commonly used in automobile body coverings. The tensile shear performance of PFSSW joints was optimized by response surface methodology（RSM）. The results show that the metallographic structure of PFSSW joint is basin-shaped. The maximum tensile-shear failure load（TSFL） of 6.41 kN was obtained with the rotating speed of 2950 r/min， the plunging depth of 0.6 mm and the dwell time of 7 s. There are three types of PFSSW joint fracture modes. Among them， the nugget pull-out mode exhibited the highest average failure load（6.26 kN）， interface separation mode was the lowest（4.89 kN） and mixed-mode was in the middle（5.60 kN）.

Key words: vehicle engineering, probeless friction stir spot welding, tensile-shear failure load, parameters optimization, microstructure, fracture morphology

中图分类号:

U465.2

于贵申,陈鑫,武子涛,陈轶雄,张冠宸. AA6061⁃T6铝薄板无针搅拌摩擦点焊接头结构及性能分析[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2023, 53(5): 1338-1344.

Gui-shen YU,Xin CHEN,Zi-tao WU,Yi-xiong CHEN,Guan-chen ZHANG. Analysis of microstructure and mechanical properties of probeless friction stir spot welding joint in AA6061⁃T6 aluminum thin plate[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(5): 1338-1344.

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焊接参数	符号	参数水平
焊接参数	符号	低（-1）	中（0）	高（-1）
转速/（r·min^-1）	RS	2500	3000	3500
下压量/mm	PD	0.3	0.5	0.7
停留时间/s	DT	5	7	9

编号	编码值			实际值			TSFL /kN
编号	RS	PD	DT	RS/（r·min^-1）	PD/mm	DT/s	TSFL /kN
1^#	0	1	1	3000	0.7	9	5.99
2^#	1	-1	0	3500	0.3	7	5.09
3^#	-1	0	1	2500	0.5	9	5.35
4^#	-1	0	-1	2500	0.5	5	6.15
5^#	0	1	-1	3000	0.7	5	5.97
6^#	-1	-1	0	2500	0.3	7	5.09
7^#	0	-1	-1	3000	0.3	5	5.30
8^#	1	0	1	3500	0.5	9	5.66
9^#	0	0	0	3000	0.5	7	6.50
10^#	1	0	-1	3500	0.5	5	5.01
11^#	0	-1	1	3000	0.3	9	4.41
12^#	-1	1	0	2500	0.7	7	5.73
13^#	0	0	0	3000	0.5	7	6.24
14^#	0	0	0	3000	0.5	7	6.47
15^#	0	0	0	3000	0.5	7	6.08
16^#	1	1	0	3500	0.7	7	5.96
17^#	0	0	0	3000	0.5	7	6.17

方差来源	自由度	均方	F值	P值
总和	16	-	-	-
模型	9	0.56	9.59	0.003
RS	1	0.04	0.77	0.41
PD	1	1.77	30.09	0.001
DT	1	0.13	2.21	0.18
RS×PD	1	0.52	8.77	0.021
RS×DT	1	0.95	16.16	0.005
PD×DT	1	0.67	11.45	0.012
RS²	1	0.01	0.23	0.65
PD²	1	0.53	8.95	0.02
DT²	1	0.21	3.52	0.103
残差	7	0.06	-	-
失拟项	3	0.09	2.65	0.185
纯误差	4	0.03	-	-