吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (3): 1111-1122.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20230558

• 农业工程·仿生工程 • 上一篇    

油菜钵苗移栽机平厢成穴装置设计与试验

全腊珍1(),石方刚1,全伟2(),吴明亮1,黄元昊1,向伟3   

  1. 1.湖南农业大学 机电工程学院，长沙 410128
    2.湖南农业大学 东方科技学院，长沙 410128
    3.中国农业科学院 麻类研究所，长沙 410221
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-02 出版日期:2025-03-01 发布日期:2025-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 全伟 E-mail:527752965@qq.com;B20170022@126.com
  • 作者简介:全腊珍（1964-），女，教授.研究方向：农业机械创新设计.E-mail：527752965@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家油菜产业技术体系项目(CARS-12);湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2021JJ30344);湖南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(2021JJ40650)

Design and experiment of flat surface and hole⁃forming machine for rapeseed potted seedlings

La-zhen QUAN1(),Fang-gang SHI1,Wei QUAN2(),Ming-liang WU1,Yuan-hao HUANG1,Wei XIANG3   

  1. 1.College of Mechanical and Electrical，Hunan Agriculture University，Changsha 410128，China
    2.College of Orient Science & Technology，Hunan Agricultural University，Changsha 410128，China
    3.Institute of Bast Fiber Crops，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Changsha 410221，China
  • Received:2023-06-02 Online:2025-03-01 Published:2025-05-20
  • Contact: Wei QUAN E-mail:527752965@qq.com;B20170022@126.com

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摘要：

针对目前油菜移栽机成穴装置受厢面土壤不平整、成穴器入出土方式的影响造成的孔穴尺寸与理论尺寸差异大、孔穴稳定性低等问题，基于油菜钵苗栽植农艺要求及钵苗外形尺寸，设计了一种油菜钵苗移栽机平厢成穴装置，包含平厢装置和成穴装置。利用Matlab软件对成穴器的运动轨迹进行分析，得到了成穴器的运动轨迹参数方程，验证了成穴器在成穴作业过程中的“零速时间段”理论。试制样机并进行田间试验，试验结果表明：拖拉机以1.62~1.81 km/h的速度前进，该机作业的厢面平整度为1.93 mm，孔穴锥度变异系数为2.7%，合格孔穴率为98.1%，成穴频率为107穴/min，各项性能指标均满足油菜钵苗移栽的农艺要求。该研究可为油菜钵苗移栽机平厢成穴装置的设计与优化提供参考。

关键词: 农业机械, 零速成穴, 油菜钵苗, 移栽, 栽植孔

Abstract:

In order to solve the problems of large differences between hole size and theoretical size， as well as low hole stability caused by the uneven soil surface and soil entry and exit methods of the current hole-forming machine of rapeseed transplanting machine. a flat surface and hole-forming machine for rapeseed bowl seedling transplanting machine was designed based on the agronomic requirements of rapeseed bowl seedling planting and the external dimensions of the bowl seedling， including flat surface device and hole-forming machine. The motion trajectory of the hole forming machine was analyzed by using Matlab software， and the parameter equation of the motion trajectory was obtained in this paper， verifying the theory of "zero speed time period" of the hole-forming machine during the hole forming operation process. The field test was designed to verify the performance of the complete machine. It was found that the flatness of the chamber surface was 1.93 mm， the coefficient of variation of the hole taper was 2.7%， the qualified hole rate was 98.1%， and the hole formation frequency was 107 holes per min， when tractor forwarded speed at 1.62~1.81 km/h. All indicators met the agronomic requirements of rapeseed pot seedling transplantation. This study can provide a reference for the design and optimization of flat chamber hole-forming machine for rapeseed bowl seedling transplanting machine.

Key words: agricultural machinery, zero-speed hole forming, rape seedings, transplanting, planting hole

中图分类号: 

  • S223.9

图1

理论作业示意图"

表1

平厢成穴装置主要技术参数表"

参数数值
挂接方式三点悬挂

外形尺寸（长×宽×高）

/mm×mm×mm

2 000×1 300×1 000
整机质量/kg200
作业幅宽/mm750
成穴频率/min107
成穴行数2
配套动力/kW20~30
作业速度/（km·h-1）1.68
成穴效率/（hm2·h-1）0.8

图2

平厢成穴装置结构示意图"

图3

成穴装置结构图"

图4

成穴导轨结构示意图"

图5

成穴器运动轨迹"

图6

成穴器结构示意图"

图7

平厢装置结构示意图"

图8

镇压滚筒运动示意图"

图9

厢面土壤轮廓图"

图10

田间试验"

图11

孔穴尺寸测量"

图12

厢面土壤轮廓测量仪"

图13

厢面土壤轮廓测量"

表2

试验结果"

试验号工作时间/s

穴距

/mm

孔穴上圆直径/mm孔穴下圆直径/mm实际孔穴深度/mm孔穴锥度/（°）锥度变异系数/%厢面平整度Sd/mm

合格

孔数

成穴

合格率/%

均值22.4260.085.340.270.417.82.71.9339.398.1
121.9260.584.540.069.517.82.71.583997.5
222.3258.585.540.570.217.82.32.1140100
323.0260.086.240.271.517.93.62.043895
422.2261.085.040.270.517.62.12.0040100
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