基于水泵负压输送的切膜排杂装置设计与试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20221045

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对机收膜杂混料因相互缠绕难以分离回收的技术问题，依据机收膜杂混料主成分悬浮特性、形体尺寸和剪切特性的差异，提出在水泵负压输送作用下，旋流沉降和切膜过滤排杂新方法，创新设计切膜排杂装置，理论分析切膜排杂机构的力学特性，搭建机收膜杂混料切膜排杂试验装置，开展三因素三水平二次回归正交试验，建立了多目标响应面回归模型，并进行优化与试验验证。结果表明：碎膜合格率影响的主次因素顺序为：动刀转速、定刀缝隙宽度、动刀壁半径；碎膜含杂率影响的主次因素顺序为：动刀转速、动刀壁半径、定刀缝隙宽度。当动刀转速为954 r/min、定刀缝隙宽度为2.8 mm、动刀壁半径为80 mm时，碎膜合格率为88.80%，碎膜含杂率为7.51%，优化试验结果与模型预测值相对误差小于5%。本文研究可为机收膜杂混料的切碎分离方法及装备研究提供参考。

关键词: 农业机械, 机收膜杂混料, 切碎分离, 负压输送, 过滤排杂

Abstract:

To solve the technical problem that it is difficult to separate and recover the machine-collected film and impurities due to intertwining. According to the differences of suspension characteristics， shape size and shearing characteristics of the main components of the machine-collected film and impurities， a new method of separating and removing the miscellaneous material by swirl settlement， cutting film filtration and removing impurities under the negative pressure of the water pump was proposed， and the device of cutting film and removal impurities was innovatively designed. The mechanical characteristics of the device were analyzed theoretically， and a test device was built. The orthogonal test of three-factor， three-level quadratic regression was carried out， and a multi-objective response surface regression model was established， which was optimized and verified by experiments. The results show that the order of primary and secondary factors influencing the pass rate of broken film is： rotational speed of movable knife， gap width of fixed knife and radius of movable knife wall. The order of primary and secondary factors influencing the crushed film rate is： rotational speed of movable cutter， radius of movable cutter wall and width of gap of fixed cutter. For crushed film impurity rate： rotational speed of movable cutter， width of gap of fixed cutter and radius of movable cutter wall. When the rotating speed of movable cutter is 954 r/min， the width of gap of fixed cutter is 2.8 mm and radius of movable cutter wall is 80 mm， the crushed film rate is 88.80% and the crushed film impurity rate is 7.51%. The relative error between the optimized test result and the predicted value of model is less than 5%. The main conclusions can be used as reference for the study of cutting and separating methods and equipment of the machine-collected film and impurities.

Key words: agricultural machine, machine-collected film and impurities, cutting and separating, negative pressure conveying, filtration and removal impurities

中图分类号:

S225

胡斌,袁成林,解彦宇,郭孟宇,罗昕,潘峰,李俊伟. 基于水泵负压输送的切膜排杂装置设计与试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2024, 54(1): 268-280.

Bin HU,Cheng-lin YUAN,Yan-yu XIE,Meng-yu GUO,Xin LUO,Feng PAN,Jun-wei LI. Design and test of cutting film and removal impurities device based on negative pressure conveying of water pump[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(1): 268-280.

图/表 11

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

表1

表2

表3

回归模型方差分析"

方差来源	碎膜合格率Y₁/%				碎膜含杂率Y₂/%
方差来源	平方和	自由度	F值	P值^［a］	平方和	自由度	F值	P值^［a］
模型	301.93	9	37.66	<0.0001**	35.41	9	38.7	<0.00011**
X₁	56.18	1	63.07	<0.0001**	1.78	1	17.48	0.00411**
X₂	31.01	1	34.81	0.0006**	0.73	1	7.14	0.0319*
X₃	8.88	1	9.97	0.016*	0.83	1	8.18	0.0243*
X₁X₂	12.71	1	14.27	0.0069*	0.09	1	0.89	0.3781
X₁X₃	0.25	1	0.28	0.6161	3.59	1	35.32	0.0006**
X₂X₃	1.32	1	1.48	0.2625	0.011	1	0.11	0.7515
X $12$	57.52	1	64.57	<0.0001**	8.21	1	80.72	<0.0001**
X $22$	73.16	1	82.14	<0.0001**	7.24	1	71.19	<0.0001**
X $32$	41.08	1	46.12	0.0003**	9.97	1	98.04	<0.0001**
残差	6.24	7			0.71	7
失拟项	3.33	3	1.53	0.3368	0.59	3	6.36	0.0529
误差	2.9	4			0.12	4
总和	308.16	16			36.12	16

表3

表4

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编码	动刀转速n/ （r·min^-1）	定刀缝隙宽度e/mm	动刀壁半径R₁/mm
-1	765	2	74
0	930	3	81
1	1095	4	88

序号	试验因素			评价指标
序号	X₁/（r·min^-1）	X₂/mm	X₃/mm	Y₁/%	Y₂/%
1	-1	-1	0	79.28	8.92
2	1	-1	0	88.31	10.05
3	-1	1	0	79.95	9.36
4	1	1	0	81.85	9.89
5	-1	0	-1	80.39	8.76
6	1	0	-1	85.03	11.71
7	-1	0	1	81.26	9.75
8	1	0	1	86.89	8.91
9	0	-1	-1	84.56	9.41
10	0	1	-1	78.43	10.37
11	0	-1	1	86.26	8.92
12	0	1	1	82.43	10.09
13	0	0	0	91.58	7.03
14	0	0	0	90.38	6.63
15	0	0	0	89.32	6.72
16	0	0	0	89.86	6.85
17	0	0	0	89.92	7.01

试验编号	碎膜合格率Y₁/%	碎膜含杂率Y₂/%
1	86.79	6.52
2	87.24	7.54
3	88.95	6.89
4	92.58	7.46
5	88.42	7.66
平均值/%	88.80	7.21
预测值/%	90.89	6.91
相对误差/%	2.30	4.34

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