喂入调节式膜杂切碎装置的设计与试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20240703

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对膜杂混合物呈团簇状易产生喂入堵塞的问题，设计了一种满足白星花金龟幼虫适口性要求的具有喂入调节功能的膜杂切碎装置。通过对膜杂混合物喂入及切碎作业过程进行受力分析，确定了主要零部件的结构参数与工作参数。为了验证机具工作的可靠性与作业性能，通过单因素试验确定喂入压辊转速、动定刀间隙、切碎刀辊转速的合理取值范围，以喂入压辊转速、动定刀间隙、切碎刀辊转速为试验因素，棉秆切碎长度合格率、残膜切碎长度合格率与消耗功率为评价指标进行三因素三水平响应面试验，建立了回归模型，分析了各因素及其交互作用对机具作业性能的影响，并对各因素进行优化。优化结果表明：当喂入压辊转速为24.8 r/min、动定刀间隙为0.4 mm、切碎刀辊转速为256.4 r/min时作业效果最佳；以优化后的结果进行试验验证，结果表明：平均棉秆切碎长度合格率为89.99%、平均残膜切碎长度合格率为90.53%、平均消耗功率为0.97 kW。研究结果可为膜杂混合物切碎技术的发展提供参考。

关键词: 农业机械, 膜杂混合物, 喂入调节, 切碎

Abstract:

In response to the problem of feeding blockage caused by the clustering of membrane debris mixture， this paper designs a membrane debris shredding device with feeding regulation function that meets the palatability requirements of white star flower beetle larvae. By conducting force analysis on the feeding and shredding process of the membrane mixture， the structural and working parameters of the main components were determined. In order to verify the reliability and operational performance of the machinery， a single factor experiment was conducted to determine the reasonable range of values for the feeding roller speed， dynamic and fixed blade clearance， and chopper roller speed. The feeding roller speed， dynamic and fixed blade clearance， and chopper roller speed were used as experimental factors， and the cotton stem shredding length qualification rate， residual film shredding length qualification rate， and power consumption were used as evaluation indicators for a three factor three-level response surface test. A regression model was established to analyze the influence of each factor and its interaction on the operational performance of the machinery， and optimize each factor. The optimization results showed that the optimal operating effect was achieved when the feeding roller speed was 24.8 r/min， the dynamic and fixed blade clearance was 0.4 mm， and the shredding blade roller speed was 256.4 r/min. The optimized results were verified through experiments， and the average qualified rate of cotton stem shredding length was 89.99%， the average qualified rate of residual film shredding length was 90.53%， and the average power consumption was 0.97 kW. The research results can provide reference for the development of film mixed shredding technology.

Key words: agricultural machinery, membrane mixture, feed adjustment, shred

中图分类号:

S225

谢建华,杜亚坤,张佳,李沅泽,岳勇. 喂入调节式膜杂切碎装置的设计与试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2026, 56(1): 275-288.

Jian-hua XIE,Ya-kun DU,Jia ZHANG,Yuan-ze LI,Yong YUE. Design and experiment of feeding adjustable membrane debris shredding device[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(1): 275-288.

图/表 15

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

表1

表2

表3

图10

图11

表4

参考文献 28

[1]	赵岩, 陈学庚, 温浩军,等. 农田残膜污染治理技术研究现状与展望[J]. 农业机械学报, 2017, 48(6): 1-14.
	Zhao Yan, Chen Xue-geng, Wen Hao-jun, et al. Research status and prospect of control technology for residual plastic film pollution in farmland[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2017, 48(6): 1-14.
[2]	王振华, 贺怀杰, 郑旭荣, 等. 新疆典型绿洲棉秆还田对覆膜滴灌棉田残膜分布的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(21): 120-127.
	Wang Zhen-hua, He Huai-jie, Zheng Xu-rong, et al. Effect of cotton stalk returning to fields on residual film distribution in cotton fields under mulched drip irrigation in typical oasis area in Xinjiang[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018, 34(21): 120-127.
[3]	梁荣庆, 陈学庚, 张炳成, 等. 新疆棉田残膜回收方式及资源化再利用现状问题与对策[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(16): 1-13.
	Liang Rong-qing, Chen Xue-geng, Zhang Bing-cheng, et al. Current problems and counter measures of recycling methods and recycling of residual film in cotton fields in Xinjiang[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2019, 35(16): 1-13.
[4]	康建明, 解臣硕, 王小瑜, 等. 滚筒筛式膜杂风选机筛孔清堵装置设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2022, 53(9): 91-98.
	Kang Jian-ming, Xie Chen-shuo, Wang Xiao-yu, et al. Design and test of screen hole clearing device for trommel sieve type membrane miscellaneous wind separator[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2022, 53(9): 91-98.
[5]	李俊虹. 机收残膜混合物水洗分离装置的研究[D]. 石河子: 石河子大学机械电气工程学院, 2018.
	Li Jun-hong. Study on the water-separation device of residual film mixture collected by machine[D]. Shihezi: School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, 2018.
[6]	徐业山, 张广杰, 王谊, 等. 虫菌复合技术分离棉田残膜回收混合物研究[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2023, 60(5): 1580-1591.
	Xu Ye-shan, Zhang Guang-jie, Wang Yi, et al. Study on the separation of recycled plastic film residual mixtures from cotton field by the composite technology of insect combined with the decomposing fungus[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2023, 60(5): 1580-1591.
[7]	杨诚, 刘玉升, 徐晓燕, 等. 白星花金龟幼虫对酵化玉米秸秆取食效果的研究[J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2015, 37(1): 122-127.
	Yang Cheng, Liu Yu-sheng, Xu Xiao-yan, et al. The study on the effect of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis larvae transformation the corn straw[J]. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 2015, 37(1): 122-127.
[8]	Shen X M, Qian S X, Yu Z H. Research on crushing effectiveness of a new type of plastic crusher[C]∥International Conference on Mechanics & Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai,China,2016: 274-281.
[9]	刘公雨, 马明旭, 刘红林, 等. 剪切式薄膜塑料粉碎机设计[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2015(5): 32-35.
	Liu Gong-yu, Ma Ming-xu, Liu Hong-lin, et al. Design of plastic film crushing machine on shearing[J]. Machinery Design & Manufacture, 2015(5): 32-35.
[10]	Gapparov S, Karshiev F. Development chopper device that chops baled rough fodders[C]∥IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Online,2020: 1-6.
[11]	郑智旗, 何进, 李洪文, 等. 动定刀支撑滑切式秸秆粉碎装置设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2016, 47(): 108-116.
	Zheng Zhi-qi, He Jin, Li Hong-wen, et al. Design and experiment of straw-chopping device with chopping and fixed knife supported slide cutting[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2016, 47(Supl.1): 108-116.
[12]	Moiceanu G, Voicu P, Paraschiv G, et al. Behaviour of Miscanthus at cutting shear with straight knives with different edge angles[J]. Environmental Engineering & Management Journal, 2017, 16(5): 1203-1209.
[13]	Krajnc M, Dolšak B. The influence of drum chipper configuration on the quality of wood chips[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2014, 64: 133-139.
[14]	张瑞新, 刘煜, 郑群飞, 等. 基于EDEM的双齿辊破碎机破碎效率影响因素仿真分析[J]. 金属矿山, 2018(2): 154-159.
	Zhang Rui-xin, Liu Yu, Zheng Qun-fei, et al. Simulation analysis of influencing factors of double-geared roller crusher crushing efficiency based on EDEM[J]. Metal Mine, 2018(2): 154-159.
[15]	梁荣庆. 多刃齿刀式棉田机收膜杂切碎特性研究[D]. 石河子: 石河子大学机械电气工程学院, 2022.
	Liang Rong-qing. Study on the cutting characteristics of residual film and impurities for machine harvesting in cotton field with multi-edge tooth cutter[D]. Shihezi: School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, 2022.
[16]	Pan F, Hu B, Luo X, et al. Design and testing of a shearing and breaking device for mulch film and cotton stalk mixtures[J]. Transactions of the ASABE, 2021, 64(2): 545-555.
[17]	胡斌, 袁成林, 解彦宇, 等. 基于水泵负压输送的切膜排杂装置设计与试验[J]. 吉林大学学报: 工学版, 2024, 54(1): 268-280.
	Hu Bin, Yuan Cheng-lin, Xie Yan-yu, et al. Design and test of cutting film and removal impurities device based on negative pressure conveying of water pump[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(1): 268-280.
[18]	中国农业机械化科学研究院. 农业机械设计手册[M]. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 2007.
[19]	黄学群. 运输机械选型设计手册[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社, 2011.
[20]	王铁军, 王铁良, 崔红光, 等. 喂入调节式秸秆破包揉丝机设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2021, 52(6): 148-158.
	Wang Tie-jun, Wang Tie-liang, Cui Hong-guang, et al. Design and experiment of adjustable feeding straw bale-breaking and rubbing filament machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2021, 52(6): 148-158.
[21]	孙妮娜, 王晓燕, 李洪文, 等. 差速锯切式水稻秸秆粉碎还田机设计与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(22): 267-276.
	Sun Ni-na, Wang Xiao-yan, Li Hong-wen, et al. Design and experiment of differential sawing rice straw chopper for turning to field[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2019, 35(22): 267-276.
[22]	解臣硕. 滚筒筛式膜杂风选机筛孔清堵装置理论研究与试验[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学机械与电子工程学院, 2022.
	Xie Chen-shuo. Research and experiment investigation of tumbler screen type residual film-impurities wind separator screen hole-clearing device[D]. Tai'an: College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 2022.
[23]	Zhang B, Liang R, Li J, et al. Test and analysis on friction characteristics of major cotton stalk cultivars in Xinjiang[J]. Agriculture, 2022, 12 (7): No.906.
[24]	Lu C, Zhao C, Meng Z, et al. Straw friction characteristic based on rotary cutting anti-blocking device with slide plate pressing straw[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32(11): 83-89.
[25]	Liang R, Zhang L, Jia R, et al. Study on friction characteristics between cotton stalk-residual film-external contact materials[J]. Industrial Crops and Products,2024,209: No.118022.
[26]	蒋亚军, 廖宜涛, 廖庆喜. 冬春鲜喂饲用油菜收获机滚刀式切碎装置设计与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2019, 50(2): 102-111.
	Jiang Ya-jun, Liao Yi-tao, Liao Qing-xi. Design and experiment on cylinder-type chopping device of harvester for fodder rapeseed in winter and spring[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2019, 50(2): 102-111.
[27]	李宁. 滚刀式果园枝条粉碎装置的设计与研究[D]. 石河子: 石河子大学机械电气工程学院, 2022.
	Li Ning. The design and research of the cutter-type orchard branch crushing device[D]. Shihezi: School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, 2022.
[28]	庞声海, 王乃信. 直刀刃滚刀式切碎器的分析与设计[J]. 农业机械学报, 1983(2): 46-54.
	Pang Sheng-hai, Wang Nai-xin. Analysis and design on the cylinder-type forage cutterhead with straight knife edge[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 1983(2): 46-54.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

编码	因素
编码	喂入压辊转速x₁/（r·min^-1）	动定刀间隙x₂/mm	切碎刀辊转速x₃/（r·min^-1）
-1	20	0.4	250
0	25	0.8	280
1	30	1.2	310

试验序号	X₁	X₂	X₃	棉秆切碎长度合格率Y₁/%	残膜切碎长度合格率Y₂/%	消耗功率Y₃/kW
1	-1	0	-1	84.15	91.65	1.45
2	0	0	0	89.15	88.87	1.28
3	0	0	0	87.67	89.27	1.31
4	1	0	-1	84.49	92.53	1.06
5	0	1	-1	85.31	94.08	1.28
6	1	-1	0	90.02	87.38	1.05
7	-1	-1	0	90.75	87.54	1.14
8	0	0	0	88.53	89.45	1.29
9	0	0	0	88.39	89.35	1.26
10	0	1	1	90.98	86.56	1.72
11	-1	1	0	89.60	87.89	1.32
12	0	-1	-1	89.24	91.12	0.96
13	0	-1	1	91.26	86.29	1.69
14	1	1	0	88.53	90.69	1.24
15	1	0	1	86.15	86.87	1.92
16	0	0	0	88.72	90.81	1.22
17	-1	0	1	88.76	85.28	2.01

指标	方差来源	离差平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值	显著性
棉秆切碎长度合格率Y₁	模型	72.62	9	8.07	32.09	<0.000 1	**
	X₁	2.07	1	2.07	8.23	0.024 0	*
	X₂	5.87	1	5.87	23.32	0.001 9	**
	X₃	24.36	1	24.36	96.87	<0.000 1	**
	X₁X₂	0.03	1	0.03	0.11	0.744 5
	X₁X₃	2.18	1	2.18	8.65	0.021 7	*
	X₂X₃	3.33	1	3.33	13.24	0.008 3	**
	X₁²	4.54	1	4.54	18.06	0.003 8	**
	X₂²	21.73	1	21.73	86.39	<0.000 1	**
	X₃²	10.33	1	10.33	41.06	0.000 4	**
	残差	1.76	7	0.25
	失拟	0.59	3	0.20	0.67	0.614 3
	误差	1.17	4	0.29
	总和	74.38	16
残膜切碎长度合格率Y₂	模型	91.37	9	10.15	32.04	<0.000 1	**
	X₁	3.26	1	3.26	10.30	0.014 9	*
	X₂	5.93	1	5.93	18.73	0.003 4	**
	X₃	74.30	1	74.30	234.49	<0.000 1	**
	X₁X₂	2.19	1	2.19	6.91	0.033 9	*
	X₁X₃	0.13	1	0.13	0.40	0.548 3
	X₂X₃	1.81	1	1.81	5.71	0.048 2	*
	X₁²	2.71	1	2.71	8.56	0.022 2	*
	X₂²	0.58	1	0.58	1.84	0.216 6
	X₃²	0.47	1	0.47	1.49	0.261 5
	残差	2.22	7	0.32
	失拟	0.04	3	0.01	0.02	0.994 1
	误差	2.18	4	0.54
	总和	93.59	16
消耗功率Y₃	模型	1.42	9	0.158	44.92	<0.000 1	**
	X₁	0.053	1	0.053	15.06	0.006 1	**
	X₂	0.065	1	0.065	18.47	0.003 6	**
	X₃	0.839	1	0.839	239.04	<0.000 1	**
	X₁X₂	0.000	1	0.000	0.007	0.935 1
	X₁X₃	0.023	1	0.023	6.41	0.039 1	*
	X₂X₃	0.021	1	0.021	5.99	0.044 2	*
	X₁²	0.013	1	0.013	3.83	0.091 2
	X₂²	0.084	1	0.084	23.86	0.001 8	**
	X₃²	0.334	1	0.334	95.12	<0.000 1	**
	残差	0.025	7	0.004
	失拟	0.020	3	0.007	5.66	0.063 6
	误差	0.005	4	0.001
	总和	1.44	16

试验号	棉秆切碎长度合格率Y₁/%	残膜切碎长度合格率Y₂/%	消耗功率Y₃/kW
平均值	89.99	90.53	0.97
1	89.94	90.34	0.95
2	90.17	90.54	1.04
3	89.86	90.71	0.92