燃料电池公交车模糊能量管理策略

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20211371

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高燃料电池公交车的运行经济性，本文选取实车工况，在燃料电池、锂电池以及动力系统数学模型的基础上完成燃料电池公交车动态规划能量管理的仿真求解。通过将求解结果转化为模糊控制规则，制定模糊控制策略，提出了一种基于工况更新构建可变模糊规则的能量管理方法。以百公里等效氢耗、荷电状态（SOC）变化量为指标对比了实车能量管理策略、模糊控制策略应用于实车的控制效果。最后，对比了不同策略下燃料电池公交车锂电池初始SOC对长距离行驶百公里等效氢耗的影响，结果表明，基于实车工况动态规划结果制定的模糊控制策略相对于实车能量管理策略百公里等效氢耗降低了3.97%。

关键词: 车辆工程, 燃料电池公交车, 能量管理, 动态规划, 模糊控制

Abstract:

In order to improve the operating economy of the fuel cell bus, the real vehicle operating conditions were selected, and the simulation solution of the dynamic programming energy management of the fuel cell bus was completed on the basis of the mathematical model of the fuel cell, lithium battery and power system. By transforming the solution results into fuzzy control rules and formulating fuzzy control strategies, an energy management method based on working condition update to construct variable fuzzy rules was proposed. Taking the equivalent hydrogen consumption per 100 kilometers and the change of state of charge （SOC） as indicators， the control effects of the real vehicle energy management strategy and the fuzzy control strategy applied to the real vehicle were compared. Finally， the influence of the initial SOC of the lithium battery of the fuel cell bus on the equivalent hydrogen consumption of 100 kilometers for long-distance driving under different strategies was compared. The results show that the fuzzy control strategy based on the dynamic planning results of the actual vehicle operating conditions reduces the equivalent hydrogen consumption per 100 kilometers by 3.97% compared with the actual vehicle energy management strategy.

Key words: vehicle engineering, fuel cell bus, energy management, dynamic programming, fuzzy control

中图分类号:

U461.8

武小花,余忠伟,朱张玲,高新梅. 燃料电池公交车模糊能量管理策略[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2022, 52(9): 2077-2084.

Xiao-hua WU,Zhong-wei YU,Zhang-ling ZHU,Xin-mei GAO. Fuzzy energy management strategy of fuel cell buses[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2022, 52(9): 2077-2084.

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参数	数值
车轮半径r/m	0.479
迎风面积A/m²	7.13
风阻系数C_D	0.65
滚动阻力系数f	0.0076+0.000056u_a
最高车速/（km·h^-1）	69
锂电池单体额定电压/V	3.22
（锂电池最大充/放电倍率）/C	1/2
燃料电池额定工作电压/V	180
（电机额定/峰值功率）/kW	100/200
传动比i_g	6.14
机械传动效率η_t	0.95
旋转质量系数δ	1.2
质量（自重+65%载重）m/kg	11200+4095
锂电池额定容量C/（A·h）	173
锂电池串联/并联数	162/1
燃料电池最大功率/kW	47
燃料电池额定工作电流/A	100
（电机额定/最高转速）/（r·min^-1）	1274/3000

锂电池初始SOC	实车控制策略		模糊控制策略
锂电池初始SOC	锂电池末态SOC	等效氢耗/［kg·（100 km）^-1］	锂电池末态SOC	等效氢耗/［kg·（100 km）^-1］
0.5	0.74	5.31	0.75	5.08
0.6	0.73	5.04	0.75	4.82
0.7	0.74	4.85	0.75	4.63
0.8	0.72	4.58	0.75	4.44
0.9	0.72	4.34	0.75	4.27