弹性车轮对大跨斜拉桥车桥耦合振动的抑制特性

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20211258

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了从动力学角度探明地铁车辆-桥梁（特别是大跨斜拉桥）系统对弹性车轮的适应性，本文开展了大跨斜拉桥上弹性车轮对地铁车桥系统振动的影响及抑制特性研究。基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论，建立了考虑弹性车轮的地铁车辆-大跨斜拉桥系统耦合动力学模型；借助该模型，研究了长-短波不平顺联合激扰下弹性车轮对地铁车辆和大跨斜拉桥的振动特性的影响，并从时-频域角度探明了弹性车轮对地铁车辆-大跨斜拉桥系统的减振效果。研究结果表明：当地铁车辆通过大跨斜拉桥时，弹性车轮能有效降低轮轨作用力以及车轮和轴箱的振动；与传统刚性车轮相比，弹性车轮轮箍振动最剧烈，传统刚性车轮振动其次，而弹性车轮轮芯振动最小；基于本文所采用的弹性车轮动力学参数，弹性车轮的振动卓越频率集中在10~50 Hz，且在25 Hz左右存在峰值；桥梁垂向和横向振动主频均在1 Hz左右，且弹性车轮能有效降低大跨斜拉桥的中、低频振动。

关键词: 车辆工程, 弹性车轮, 大跨斜拉桥, 时-频分析, 减振

Abstract:

In order to prove the adaptability of the metro train-bridge （especially long-span bridge） system to resilient wheels from the perspective of dynamics， the influence of resilient wheels on the long-span cable-stayed bridge （LSCSB） on the vibration of the metro train-bridge system and its suppression characteristics was studied. Based on the vehicle-track coupling dynamics theory， a coupled dynamic model of metro train-LSCSB system considering resilient wheel was established. Adopting the model， the effect of resilient wheels on the vibration characteristics of metro train and LSCSB under the combined disturbance of long-short wave irregularities was studied， the damping effect of resilient wheel on metro train-LSCSB system is proved from time-frequency domain. The results show that when metro train running through， the resilient wheel can effectively reduce the wheel/rail force， vibration of the wheel and axle box. Compared with the traditional rigid wheel， the vibration of rim is the most intense， followed by the vibration of traditional rigid wheel， and the vibration of web is the smallest. Based on the propesd dynamic parameters of the resilient wheel， the excellent frequency of the resilient wheel vibration is concentrated in 10 Hz to 50 Hz， and there is a peak around 25 Hz. The main frequency of the bridge vertical and lateral vibration is about 1 Hz. The resilient wheels can effectively reduce the mid-low frequency vibrations of LSCSB.

Key words: vehicle engineering, resilient wheel, long-span cable-stayed bridge, time-frequency analysis, vibration reduction

中图分类号:

陈兆玮,蒲前华. 弹性车轮对大跨斜拉桥车桥耦合振动的抑制特性[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2023, 53(9): 2519-2532.

Zhao-wei CHEN,Qian-hua PU. Suppression characteristics of vehicle⁃bridge coupling vibration of long⁃span cable⁃stayed bridge with resilient wheels[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(9): 2519-2532.

图/表 30

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表2

地铁车辆各项参数符号"

符号	物理意义
X、Y、Z	纵向、横向以及垂向位移
?、φ、 $ψ$	纵向、横向以及垂向角位移
g、w、b、c	轮箍、轮芯、构架以及车体的下标
M_g、M_w、M_b、M_c	轮箍、轮对、构架以及车体的质量
I_g、I_w、I_b、I_c	轮箍、轮对、构架以及车体的转动惯量
K_g、K_p、K_s	轮箍、一系以及二系悬挂刚度
C_g、C_p、C_s	弹性车轮、一系以及二系悬挂阻尼
d_w	一系悬挂横向距离的二分之一
d₀	弹性车轮橡胶悬挂横向距离的二分之一
a₀	左右轮轨接触点距离的二分之一
r₀、r_L、r_R	车轮名义滚动、左/右轮半径的二分之一
r_w	轮芯半径

表2

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符号	物理意义
F_L、F_R	左、右轮辋所受蠕滑力
N_L、N_R	左、右轮辋所受法向力
F_hL、F_hR	左、右弹性车轮橡胶悬挂作用力
F_fL、F_fR	左、右一系悬挂作用力
M_wg	轮对重力

参数	数值
定距/m	15.7
轴距/m	2.5
滚动圆直径/m	0.42
轮对质量、轴箱质量/t	1.86
构架质量/t	4.28
车体质量/t	41.61
轮对惯量/（t·m²）	1.036
构架惯量/（t·m²）	2.486
车体惯量/（t·m²）	1708.23
一系刚度/（MN·m^-1）	1.07
二系刚度/（MN·m^-1）	0.155
橡胶层径向和轴向刚度/（MN·m^-1）	30
橡胶层径向与轴向阻尼/（kN·s·m^-1）	300

阶数	弹性车轮		刚性车轮
阶数	频率	振型	频率	振型
1	0.39	侧滚	0.20	侧滚
2	0.59	纵向	0.64	纵向
3	0.73	摇头	0.67	横移
4	0.97	沉浮	0.8	摇头
5	0.99	横移	0.92	沉浮
6	1.20	点头	1.24	点头

阶数	弹性车轮		刚性车轮
阶数	频率	振型	频率	振型
1	6.32	沉浮	2.68	侧滚
2	8.32	侧滚	4.40	沉浮
3	12.07	点头	8.20	点头
4	13.24	纵向	9.05	摇头
5	19.20	摇头	10.86	横移
6	23.48	横移	22.59	纵向

阶数	弹性车轮				刚性车轮
	轮箍		轮芯		刚性车轮
	频率	振型	频率	振型	频率	振型
1	61.25	侧滚	61.76	侧滚	37.39	侧滚
2	87.79	沉浮	87.82	沉浮	135.43	横移
3	104.07	横移	116.76	横移	159.38	沉浮
4	139.97	纵向	136.14	纵向	161.26	纵向
5	989.15	摇头	989.20	摇头	525.90	摇头
6	3145.40	点头	3145.40	点头	1594.20	点头