吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 2746-2755.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20210377

• 农业工程·仿生工程 • 上一篇    

丘陵山地胡麻联合收割机作业参数优化与试验

史瑞杰1(),戴飞1,赵武云1(),刘小龙1,瞿江飞2,张锋伟1   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学 机电工程学院，兰州 730070
    2.兰州信息科技学院 教师与干部发展中心，兰州 730300
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-26 出版日期:2022-11-01 发布日期:2022-11-16
  • 通讯作者: 赵武云 E-mail:aete_fcb@163.com;zhaowy@gsau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:史瑞杰（1993-），男，博士研究生.研究方向：北方旱区特色作物机械化收获技术与装备.E-mail： aete_fcb@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-14-1-28);甘肃省重点研发计划项目(20YF3WA019);甘肃省科技计划重大专项项目(21ZD4NA022-05);甘肃农业大学伏羲青年英才培养计划项目(Gaufx-03Y01)

Optimization and experiment of operation parameters of hilly area flax combine harvester

Rui-jie SHI1(),Fei DAI1,Wu-yun ZHAO1(),Xiao-long LIU1,Jiang-fei QU2,Feng-wei ZHANG1   

  1. 1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering，Gansu Agricultural University，Lanzhou 730070，China
    2.Teacher and Cadre Development Center，Lanzhou College of Information Science and Technology，Lanzhou 730300，China
  • Received:2021-04-26 Online:2022-11-01 Published:2022-11-16
  • Contact: Wu-yun ZHAO E-mail:aete_fcb@163.com;zhaowy@gsau.edu.cn

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摘要：

为提高丘陵山地胡麻联合收割机工作效率，该研究以作业机前进速度、脱粒滚筒转速和吸杂风机转速为自变量，以脱净率、总损失率和籽粒含杂率为响应值，依照Box-Behnken试验设计原理，采用三因素三水平响应面分析方法分别建立各因素与响应值间的数学模型，并对各因素及其交互作用进行分析。结果表明：3个因素对脱净率影响的主次顺序为脱粒滚筒转速、前进速度和吸杂风机转速，对总损失率影响的主次顺序为前进速度、吸杂风机转速和脱粒滚筒转速，对籽粒含杂率影响的主次顺序为吸杂风机转速、脱粒滚筒转速和前进速度；作业机最佳工作参数如下：前进速度为0.65 m/s、脱粒滚筒转速为830.3 r/min、吸杂风机转速为1154.39 r/min。在最优工作参数下作业机脱净率、总损失率和籽粒含杂率均值分别为96.33%、1.87%和3.24%，说明在该作业参数下作业机能够降低收获总损失和籽粒含杂率。

关键词: 农业机械, 联合收割机, 胡麻, 丘陵山地, 参数优化

Abstract:

In order to improve the working efficiency of the flax combine harvester in hilly areas， this study took the forward speed of the working machine， the rotating speed of threshing drum and the rotating speed of impurity suction fan as independent variables， and the threshing rate， the total loss rate and the impurity content rate of grains as response values. According to the Box-Behnken experimental design principle， the mathematical models between each factor and the response values were established by using the response surface analysis method of three factors and three levels， and the interaction of each factor was analyzed. The results showed that the order of impact of the threshing rate was the speed of the threshing cylinder， advanced machine， and centrifugal fan. The order of effects of the total loss rate was the speed of the developed device， centrifugal fan， and threshing cylinder， and the order of impact on the impurity rate was the speed of the centrifugal fan threshing cylinder and advanced machine. The optimal working parameters of the device were as follows： the advance speed of 0.65 m/s， the threshing cylinder speed of 830.3 r/min， and the centrifugal fan speed of 1154.39 r/min. The validation test showed that the average threshing rate was 96.33%， the total loss rate was 1.87%， and the impurity rate was 3.24%. The results show that the total loss and seed impurity rate of hilly area flax combine harvester could be reduced under the operation parameters， which could provide a specific reference for the design and experiment of hilly area flax combine harvester.

Key words: agricultural machinery, combine harvester, flax, hilly area, parameter optimization

中图分类号: 

  • S225.31

图1

丘陵山地胡麻联合收割机结构示意图1-拨禾轮；2-割台；3-输送搅龙；4-输送链扒；5-驱动轮；6-履带；7-脚踏板；8-座椅；9-操作台 ；10-螺旋输送器；11-旋风分离器；12-软管；13-照明灯；14-吸杂风机；15-脱粒滚筒；16-发动机"

表1

丘陵山地胡麻联合收割机技术参数"

参 数值
整机尺寸（长×宽×高）/mm×mm×mm3100×1450×1500
喂入量/（kg?s-1）0.9
作业速度/（m?s-1）0.4~0.7
额定功率/kW13.4
额定转速/（r?min-1）3600
输送链扒类型链耙式
滚筒参数（外径×长度）/（mm×mm）430×950
履带节距×节数×宽/（mm×节×mm）79×34×330
履带轨距/mm700
割台幅宽/mm1000
离地间隙/mm≥235
生产率/（hm2?h-1）0.07~0.10

图2

田间试验"

图3

前进速度、脱粒滚筒转速和吸杂风机转速对各性能指标的影响"

图4

胡麻籽粒离散元模型和脱粒滚筒不同转速下胡麻籽粒受压过程与受压曲线"

图5

清选系统CFD分析模型和吸杂风机不同转速下旋风分离器X-Y截面速度等值线云图"

表2

试验因素水平及编码表"

编码因 素
前进速度x1/（m·s-1）脱粒滚筒转速x2/（r·min-1）吸杂风机转速x3/（r·min-1）
-10.47700800
00.569001100
10.6611001400

表3

响应曲面试验结果"

试验号X1X2X3Y1/%Y2/%Y3/%
10-1187.466.883.79
210-193.880.927.75
300096.034.064.11
401199.558.331.23
500096.464.063.98
611099.232.082.91
710198.533.432.86
801-196.514.096.21
9-1-1086.746.554.65
100-1-186.874.098.61
1100096.924.064.09
12-10192.199.322.26
13-12-194.186.057.12
141-1088.681.345.25
1500096.984.664.01
16-11097.017.422.48
1700096.594.064.11

表4

回归方程方差分析"

试验指标变异来源平方和自由度均方FP
脱净率模型303.03933.67187.91<0.0001**
X113.01113.0172.58<0.0001**
X2226.311226.311263.06<0.0001**
X34.9514.9527.60.0012**
X1X20.0210.020.110.7505
X1X311.02111.0261.520.0001**
X2X31.511.58.380.0232*
X122.6412.6414.730.0064*
X2235.15135.15196.17<0.0001**
X325.1815.1828.910.0010*
残差1.2570.18
失拟0.6630.221.490.3440
误差0.5940.15
总和304.2816
总损失率模型87.7199.75132.69<0.0001**
X158.16158.16791.84<0.0001**
X21.1711.1715.940.0052**
X320.51120.51279.28<0.0001**
X1X24.2×10-314.2×10-40.0580.8173
X1X30.1410.141.970.2036
X2X30.5310.537.160.0318*
X120.5910.598.060.0251*
X221.2411.2416.870.0045**
X325.3315.3372.56<0.0001**
残差0.5170.073
失拟0.2330.0751.050.4632
误差0.2940.072
总和88.2216
籽粒含杂率模型64.2197.131099.41<0.0001**
X10.6410.6498.39<0.0001**
X211.21111.211727.48<0.0001**
X347.78147.787362.18<0.0001**
X1X27.2×10-317.2×10-31.110.3264
X1X32.2×10-412.2×10-40.0350.8576
X2X36.4×10-416.4×10-40.990.3575
X120.04210.0426.490.0383*
X220.0810.0812.270.0100*
X324.5314.53698.42<0.0001**
残差0.04576.4×10-3
失拟0.03130.012.760.1759
误差0.01543.7×10-3
总和64.2516

图6

交互因素对脱净率的影响"

图7

交互因素对总损失率的影响"

图8

交互因素对籽粒含杂率的影响"

表5

最优工作参数及作业结果合集"

试验指标标准值试验结果
脱净率/%≥9596.33
总损失率/%≤51.87
籽粒含杂率/%≤53.24
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