基于改进综合因素法的农业机械可靠性分配

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20220849

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

现有可靠性分配方法在农机领域应用较少，为更好地满足农机可靠性分配需求，提出了一种基于改进综合因素法（IFM）的农业机械可靠性分配方法。该方法针对农机特点综合考虑了包含子系统危害度A₁、改进潜力A₂、复杂度A₃、维修性A₄、环境条件A₅和技术水平A₆在内的6种影响因素，并形成子系统故障率分配的权重因子，实现了将指定的系统整体可靠性目标分配至子系统层级。针对新研发产品，给出了各影响因素取值的评价参考标准，可通过故障模式影响及危害性分析（FMECA）结合专家评分定量计算。以2BMQF-6/12免耕播种机为例，应用改进IFM对其进行可靠性分配，并与IFM及FOO、Kim、Yadav方法进行比对，验证了本文所提出方法的可行性。本文方法分配结果合理、流程完善、考虑因素相对全面，可为农机可靠性分配提供参考，为农机产品可靠性设计提供依据。

关键词: 农业机械, 可靠性分配, 综合因素法, 设计阶段

Abstract:

Existing reliability allocation methods are less applied in the field of agricultural machinery， and in order to better meet the reliability allocation needs of agricultural machinery， this paper proposes a reliability allocation method for agricultural machinery based on improved integrated factors method（IFM）. The method integrates six influencing factors including subsystem severity A₁， improvement potential A₂， complexity A₃， maintainability A₄， environmental conditions A₅ and technology level A₆ for the characteristics of agricultural machinery， and forms the weight factor of subsystem failure rate to realize the allocation of the specified overall system reliability target to the subsystem level. For newly developed products， the evaluation reference standard for the value of each influence factor is given， which can be quantitatively calculated by FMECA combined with expert scores. Taking 2BMQF-6/12 no-till planter as an example， the improved IFM is applied to allocate its reliability， and the feasibility of the proposed method is verified by comparing it with the IFM， FOO， Kim's and Yadav's methods. The allocation results of the proposed method are reasonable， the process is complete， and the factors considered are relatively comprehensive， which can provide a reference for the reliability allocation of agricultural machinery and a basis for the reliability design of agricultural machinery products.

Key words: agricultural machinery, reliability allocation, integrated factors method, design phase

中图分类号:

S220

陈超,戴孟初,周乐,梁云东. 基于改进综合因素法的农业机械可靠性分配[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2024, 54(5): 1493-1500.

Chao CHEN,Meng-chu DAI,Le ZHOU,Yun-dong LIANG. Reliability allocation of agricultural machinery based on improved integrated factors method[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(5): 1493-1500.

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评定等级	严重度		发生度
评定等级	影响	定义	程度	定义
1，3，5，7，9	上述等级间的折衷		上述等级间的折衷
10	灾难	危及生命安全，产品报废，造成重大损害	经常发生	故障占比≥20%
8	致命	造成人员严重受伤，产品严重损坏	时有发生	故障占比10%~20%
6	中度	造成人员中度受伤，产品中度损坏	偶然发生	故障占比1%~10%
4	轻度	造成人员轻度受伤，产品轻度损坏	很少发生	故障占比0.1%~1%
2	极小	不造成人员受伤，仅需增加计划性维修	极少发生	故障占比≤0.1%

子系统	组件	零件种类
切茬装置	刀具	圆盘侧切刀
切茬装置	刀轴	刀轴、轴承、端盖、防草板
播种系统	排种器	排种器芯、排种器轴、轴承、壳体
播种系统	播种腿	播种腿、排种管
排肥系统	排肥器	排肥器芯、排肥器轴、轴承、壳体
排肥系统	肥腿	肥腿犁铧、犁尖、排肥管
镇压装置	地轮	地轮、地轮轴
镇压装置	刮土装置	挡泥梁、挡泥板
传动系统	变速箱	齿轮、箱体、传动轴、轴承/端盖、联轴器
	调整手柄	手柄、定位盘、锁紧盘
	传动链	链、链轮、链轮罩、轴承
机架	机架	机架、拉杆、U形螺栓/卡板、盖板、侧板
	支臂	支臂、扇形板、限位螺栓
	种肥箱	种肥箱箱体、隔板、种刷、肥刷

组件	失效模式	零件数量	严重度	发生度	严重度转换值	转换后RPN	维修性	环境条件	技术水平
排肥器	排肥器芯损坏漏肥	6	4	2	24.5325	49.0651	7	0.3333	0.6
	排肥器轴卡死	3	4	2	24.5325	49.0651	7
	壳体破损	6	4	1	24.5325	24.5325	7
排肥腿	排肥腿犁铧弯曲变形	6	4	2	24.5325	49.0651	7	0.4444	0.4
	犁尖掉落	6	2	5	4.9530	24.7652	10
	排肥管损坏变形/堵塞	6	1	2	2.2255	4.4511	10

组件	失效模式	零件数量	严重度	发生度	严重度转换值	转换后RPN	维修性	环境条件	技术水平
变速箱	齿轮断齿	5	6	2	121.5104	243.0208	5	0.3333	0.72
	传动轴损坏	3	6	1	121.5104	121.5104	6
	联轴器损坏	1	5	3	54.5982	163.7945	7
调整手柄	调整手柄损坏/过紧	2	2	2	4.9530	9.9061	9	0.3333	0.6
传动链	链条损坏	2	5	3	54.5982	163.7945	7	0.3333	0.8
	链轮轮牙折断	4	5	2	54.5982	109.1963	7
	链轮罩受损变形	1	2	3	4.9530	14.8591	8
轴承/端盖	轴承/端盖磨损	15	4	1	24.5325	24.5325	8	0.3333	0.9

子系统	危害度A₁	改进潜力A₂	复杂度A₃	维修性A₄	环境条件A₅	技术水平A₆
切茬装置	0.1675	0.1530	0.1905	0.1835	0.2077	0.1479
播种系统	0.0304	0.1883	0.1964	0.1620	0.1385	0.2260
排肥系统	0.0304	0.1504	0.1607	0.1752	0.1692	0.1791
镇压装置	0.1675	0.1834	0.0893	0.1590	0.2077	0.1114
传动系统	0.1015	0.1564	0.2083	0.1519	0.1385	0.2034
机架	0.5026	0.1685	0.1548	0.1684	0.1385	0.1323