螺旋挤压式精量排肥器的仿真优化及试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20211332

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为满足现代农业精确定量施肥的需求，通过理论分析得出螺旋排肥器无法实现均匀排肥的原因，设计了一种基于采用肥料满充填螺旋挤压式输送原理的新型排肥器，通过理论分析得出影响排肥均匀性的参数，以排肥口安装倾角、排肥口长度为试验因素，以排肥均匀性变异系数与肥料颗粒平均速度为试验指标，设计了二因素五水平的二次通用旋转组合试验，试验结果表明：排肥口长度、排肥口安装倾角对排肥均匀性变异系数影响分别为极显著（P<0.01）、显著（0.01<P<0.05），排肥口安装倾角、排肥口长度对肥料颗粒平均速度影响为极显著（P<0.01），在排肥口安装倾角为40°、排肥口长度为105 mm时可获得排肥均匀性变异系数≤10%、肥料颗粒平均速度≥15.5 mm/s，在最优参数组合下进行台架验证试验与对比试验，台架试验与仿真试验相对误差分别为2.75%、1.75%，验证结果与仿真结果相一致。不同转速下挤压式螺旋排肥均匀性变异系数较单螺旋排肥器平均降低32.91%，不同转速下单圈排肥量平均降低6.70%，优化后的排肥器排肥均匀性好且排肥量损失较小。本研究可为螺旋排肥器的优化设计提供参考。

关键词: 农业机械, 螺旋挤压式, 精量排肥器, 参数优化, EDEM仿真

Abstract:

In order to meet the demand of precise and quantitative fertilization in modern agriculture， this paper obtains the reason why the screw fertilizer ejector can not realize uniform fertilizer discharge through theoretical analysis. a new type of fertilizer discharge device based on the principle of screw extrusion conveying with full filling of fertilizer is designed， and the parameters affecting the uniformity of fertilizer discharge were obtained through theoretical analysis. The installation inclination and length of fertilizer outlet were taken as the test factors， and the variation coefficient of fertilizer uniformity and the average speed of fertilizer particles were taken as the test indexes. The quadratic general rotation combination test with two factors and five levels is designed， the results showed that the length of fertilizer outlet and the installation angle of fertilizer outlet had a very significant effect on the variation coefficient of fertilizer uniformity （P<0.01） and （0.01<P<0.05）， respectively. The installation angle of fertilizer outlet and the length of fertilizer outlet had a very significant effect on the average velocity of fertilizer particles （P<0.01）， when the installation inclination of the fertilizer outlet is 40° and the length of the fertilizer outlet is 105 mm. The variation coefficient of fertilizer uniformity ≤10% and the average speed of fertilizer particles ≥15.5 mm/s can be obtained. The relative errors of bench test and simulation test are 2.75% and 1.75% respectively， the verification results are consistent with the simulation results. Under different rotating speeds， the uniformity variation coefficient of extrusion screw fertilizer discharge is 32.91% lower than that of single screw fertilizer discharge， and the amount of fertilizer discharged in a single cycle at different rotating speeds is 6.70% lower， the optimized fertilizer ejector has good fertilizer uniformity and small fertilizer loss. This study can provide reference for the optimal design of fertilizer distribution apparatus with screw.

Key words: agricultural machinery, spiral extrusion type, precision fertilizer ejector, parameter optimization, EDEM simulation

中图分类号:

S147.2

顿国强,刘文辉,吴星澎,毛宁,纪文义,马洪岩. 螺旋挤压式精量排肥器的仿真优化及试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2023, 53(10): 3026-3037.

Guo-qiang DUN,Wen-hui LIU,Xing-peng WU,Ning MAO,Wen-yi JI,Hong-yan MA. Simulation optimization and experiment of screw extrusion precision fertilizer ejector[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(10): 3026-3037.

图/表 19

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表1

图7

图8

表2

表3

表4

排肥均匀性变异系数方差分析"

评价指标	方差来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
排肥均匀性变异系数	模型	200.78	5	40.16	53.63	<0.000 1
	x₁	7.29	1	7.29	9.74	0.016 8
	x₂	11.66	1	11.66	15.57	0.005 6
	x₁x₂	23.86	1	23.86	31.87	0.000 8
	x $12$	27.81	1	27.81	37.14	0.000 5
	x $22$	143.98	1	143.98	192.29	<0.000 1
	残差	5.24	7	0.75
	失拟项	4.28	3	1.43	5.95	0.058 8
	纯误差	0.96	4	0.24
	总变异	206.02	12

表4

表5

肥料颗粒平均速度方差分析"

评价指标	方差来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
肥料颗粒平均速度	模型	2.53	5	0.51	23.85	0.000 3
	x₁	1.49	1	1.49	70.40	<0.000 1
	x₂	0.27	1	0.27	12.53	0.009 5
	x₁x₂	0.17	1	0.17	8.12	0.024 7
	x $12$	0.60	1	0.60	28.09	0.001 1
	x $22$	0.023	1	0.023	1.09	0.331 3
	残差	0.15	7	0.021
	失拟项	0.12	3	0.041	6.07	0.057 0
	纯误差	0.027	4	0.006 68
	总变异	2.68	12

表5

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

表6

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项目	属性	数值
肥料颗粒	泊松比	0.25
	剪切模量/Pa	1.0×10⁷
	密度/（kg·m^-3）	1 861
	最大压力/N	18.56
排肥轮、壳体	泊松比	0.394
	剪切模量/Pa	3.18×10⁸
	密度/（kg·m^-3）	1 240
颗粒-颗粒	恢复系数	0.11
	静摩擦因数	0.3
	滚动摩擦因数	0.1
颗粒-排肥轮、壳体	恢复系数	0.41
	静摩擦因数	0.32
	滚动摩擦因数	0.18

水平	排肥口安装倾角β/（°）	排肥口长度l_pipe/mm
1.414	50	120
+1	47.80	117.07
0	42.5	110
-1	37.2	102.93
-1.414	35	100

序号	试验因素		试验结果
序号	排肥口安装倾角x₁/（°）	排肥口长度x₂/mm	排肥均匀性变异系数y₁/%	肥料颗粒平均速度y₂/（mm·s^-1）
1	37.197	102.93	12.03	15.81
2	47.803	102.93	14.15	15.48
3	37.197	117.07	19.70	15.80
4	47.803	117.07	12.05	14.64
5	35.000	110.00	11.55	16.57
6	50.000	110.00	10.06	15.18
7	42.500	100.00	14.46	15.62
8	42.500	120.00	17.35	15.19
9	42.500	110.00	7.88	15.24
10	42.500	110.00	7.34	15.11
11	42.500	110.00	7.85	15.16
12	42.500	110.00	6.83	15.12
13	42.500	110.00	6.95	15.30

转速/（r·min^-1）	排肥器类型	试验方式	指标
转速/（r·min^-1）	排肥器类型	试验方式	排肥均匀性变异系数/%	单圈排肥量/g	破碎肥料数/个
30	螺旋挤压式精量排肥器	仿真试验	9.08	38.00	0
	螺旋挤压式精量排肥器	台架试验	9.36	37.35	1
	单螺旋排肥器	台架试验	44.36	40.67	0
60	螺旋挤压式精量排肥器	仿真试验	9.12	37.75	0
	螺旋挤压式精量排肥器	台架试验	8.86	37.12	0
	单螺旋排肥器	台架试验	42.65	39.99	0
90	螺旋挤压式精量排肥器	仿真试验	8.65	37.24	0
	螺旋挤压式精量排肥器	台架试验	8.85	36.51	1
	单螺旋排肥器	台架试验	38.79	39.29	0

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