吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (8): 2236-2244.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20211113

• 车辆工程·机械工程 • 上一篇    

液力变矩器空化数值模拟及对性能的影响

柴博森1,2,3(),王广义1,闫东2,朱国仁1(),张进1,吕恒升1   

  1. 1.吉林大学 机械与航空航天工程学院，长春 130022
    2.吉林大学 汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室，长春 130022
    3.中机试验装备股份有限公司，长春 130103
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-28 出版日期:2023-08-01 发布日期:2023-08-21
  • 通讯作者: 朱国仁 E-mail:chaibs2012@jlu.edu.cn;zhugr@jlu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:柴博森（1984-），男，副教授，博士.研究方向：液力传动与自动变速.E-mail：chaibs2012@jlu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(52075212);吉林省教育厅科学研究项目(JJKH20220977KJ);吉林大学汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室自由探索项目(ascl-zytsxm-202010);长安大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(300102251511);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2018M641776);吉林省博士后科研人员择优资助项目(KF204039)

Numerical simulation of cavitation in torque converter and analysis of its influence on performance

Bo-sen CHAI1,2,3(),Guang-yi WANG1,Dong YAN2,Guo-ren ZHU1(),Jin ZHANG1,Heng-sheng LYU1   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering，Jilin University，Changchun 130022，China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Automobile Simulation and Control，Jilin University，Changchun 130022，China
    3.Sinotest Equipment Co. ，Ltd. ，Changchun 130103，China
  • Received:2021-10-28 Online:2023-08-01 Published:2023-08-21
  • Contact: Guo-ren ZHU E-mail:chaibs2012@jlu.edu.cn;zhugr@jlu.edu.cn

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摘要：

基于计算流体动力学，从是否考虑空化两个角度分别数值模拟液力变矩器流场并绘制外特性曲线，通过试验验证仿真结果准确性。为了深入剖析空化对于液力变矩器内/外特性的影响规律，基于Q准则涡识别方法提取三维涡结构特征，分析低速比工况下各叶片表面空化特征动态演化规律，重点研究导轮叶片处空化现象，阐明空化对流场时空结构分布及能量损耗的影响机理。结果表明：①考虑空化的数值模拟与试验结果吻合度高，外特性预测误差在3%以内；②不考虑空化的数值模拟结果中泵轮转矩系数与试验数据误差较大，启动工况下误差在20%以上，仿真结果严重失真；③泵轮转速为2000 r/min时，速比为0.4的工况是空化消失的临界点，随着速比降低，空化现象及其影响越发明显。研究结果可为液力变矩器高精度数值模拟提供理论指导。

关键词: 机械工程, 液力变矩器, 空化, 计算流体动力学, 三维涡, 外特性试验

Abstract:

The flow field in torque converter is numerically simulated based on computational fluid dynamics， and the external characteristic curves are drawn from the two perspectives of whether cavitation is considered or not. The accuracy of simulation results is verified by experiment. In order to deeply analyze the cavitation of torque converter for the influence law of internal and external characteristic， Q criterion of vortex identification method is used to extract the internal three-dimensional vortex structure characteristic. The dynamic evolution law of cavitation characteristic on each blade surface under low-speed ratio conditions is analyzed and clarified， and the cavitation phenomenon on stator blade is mainly studied， and the influence mechanism of cavitation phenomenon on spatiotemporal structure distribution of flow field and energy loss is analyzed and revealed. The results show that： ① The numerical simulation considering cavitation is in good agreement with the experimental results， and the prediction error of external characteristics is less than 3%； ② There is a large error between the torque coefficient of the pump and the test data in the numerical simulation results without considering cavitation， and the error is more than 20% on the braking condition， simulation results are seriously distorted； ③ When pump speed is 2000 r/min， the condition of 0.4 speed ratio is the critical point of cavitation disappearance， with the reduction of the speed ratio， cavitation phenomenon and its influence become more obvious. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for high precision numerical simulation of torque converter.

Key words: mechanical engineering, torque converter, cavitation, computational fluid dynamics, three-dimensional vortex, external characteristic test

中图分类号: 

  • TH137.332

图1

计算模型"

图2

液力变矩器网格模型"

表1

仿真设置"

参数无空化瞬态模型空化稳态模型空化瞬态模型
仿真类型瞬态计算稳态计算瞬态计算
液体密度/（kg·m-3）860860860
液体黏度/（Pa·s）0.02580.02580.0258
气体密度/（kg·m-3）—2.12.1
气体黏度/（Pa·s）—1.2×10-51.2×10-5
饱和蒸汽压/Pa—110110
湍流模型SBESSBESSBES
收敛条件1×10-51×10-41×10-4
交界面模型瞬态转静子法冻结转子法瞬态转静子法
时间步长1×10-3—1×10-3
步数5001000500
壁面边界无滑移光滑壁面无滑移光滑壁面无滑移光滑壁面

图3

液力变矩器外特性试验台"

表2

外特性试验数据"

转速比i变矩比K效率η泵轮转矩系数λP （10-6 min2·r-2·m-1）
0.01.820.005.67
0.11.730.175.83
0.21.630.336.00
0.31.540.456.08
0.41.430.576.16
0.51.330.676.32
0.61.230.736.16
0.71.120.795.43
0.81.030.834.54

图4

有、无空化模型条件下液力特性与试验对比"

图5

有无空化模型下三维涡结构特征"

图6

有、无空化模型条件下导轮涡结构"

图7

制动工况下10%气泡体积分布等势面"

图8

空化随速比演化过程"

图9

不同工况下速度场分布"

图10

不同工况下压力场分布"

图11

不同工况下气泡分布"

图12

不同工况下湍动能分布"

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