To investigate the inhibitory effects of tannic acid(TA) on the expressions of renal inflammatory factors in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats and explore their mechanisms. Methods Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,diabetic model group (DM),aminoguanidine (AG) group,low dose TA group(TA20) and high dose TA group(TA30). After the rats were treated for 10 weeks,24　h urinary protein excretion and the renal function parameters including serum creatinine(Cre) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were measured. The morphological changes of kidney tissues were observed using PAS staining. The expressions of ICAM-1 and TNF-α proteins in the kidney tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. The ICAM-1 mRNA expression in the kidney tissues was detected by RT-PCR. Results Compared with DM group,the serum Cre,BUN and the 24 h urinary protein excretion in TA groups were reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01);the PAS-positive substance in mesangial area was reduced;the expressions of ICAM-1 and TNF-α proteins and ICAM-1 mRNA in kidney tissues were significantly decreased(P<0.05). Conclusion TA plays a protective role in diabetic kidney and inhibits the expressions of inflammatory factor ICAM-1 and TNF-α in kidney tissues.

Abstract:Objective
To observe the changes of the regulatory T cells（Treg）and the expression of TGF-β1 in mouse spleen induced by different doses of X-ray irradiation at different time and study the effects of the X-ray on the Treg and TGF-β1. Methods The male ICR mice were irradiated with different doses of  X-ray (low dose:0,0.050 Gy,0.075 Gy,0.100 Gy,0.200 Gy;high dose: 0,0.500 Gy,1.000 Gy,2.000 Gy,4.000 Gy,6.000 Gy) respectively by the XSS205 (FZ)-type stationary X-ray deep therapy machine all over the body. Then the mice were killed 16 h after irradiation and the  Treg and the expression level of TGF-β1 in the mouse spleen were detected by flow cytometry,RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results Compared with  sham-irradiation group,the percentage of  Treg had no significant changes in mouse spleen in low dose irradiation groups (P<0.05); in  high dose irradiation groups,the percentage of  Treg was increased as the dose rose from 1.000 Gy to the higher levels(P< 0.05,P< 0.01),which showing a dose-dependent phenomenon. Compared with  sham-irradiaton group,the level of TGF-β1 mRNA in mouse spleen had a trend to increase sustainedly as the dose was increased from 0.500 Gy to the higher doses,and then was increased to 2.000 times higher in  2 Gy group,following with a slight decrease. The level of TGF-β1 protein in mouse spleen  in 0.100 Gy group was significantly higher than that in sham-irradiation group,and had an increasing tendency   in  high dose irradiation groups.There were significantly differences of the expression of TGF-β1 protein between 4.000 Gy group,6.000 Gy group and sham-irriadiation group(P<0.05).Conclusion The percentage of  Treg is increased after induced by  high dose X-ray,as well as the increasing secretion of the TGF-β1,which might be another reason for  high and low dose X-rays inducing different immune responses.

Abstract:Objective To establish quantifiable primary and experimental lung metastasis  mouse models by using GFP labeled MDA-MB-231 cell lines and provide basis for the study on metastasis mechanism of breast cancer.  Methods The MDA-MB-231 cells were infected by GFP labeling lentiviral vector-mediated packaging system and inoculated subcutaneously into Balb/C nude mice or through tail vain into SCID mice to set up primary and experimental lung metastasis models.Then the mice were executed at 8 th and 5 th weeks,and the  lungs were  extracted and analyzed by stereomicroscope.  Results 8 weeks after the cells were inoculated in primary lung metastasis mice,the tumor in situ was observed with the diameter of 15 mm. The metastasis foci in the lung were invisible to naked eye,but were visible at 488 nm excitation wavelength with green fluorescence. 5 weeks after the cells were injected in experimental lung metastasis mice,the metastasis foci were still invisible to naked eye,but were clearly visible at 488 nm excitation wavelength with green fluorescence,which were easy to be observed and calculated.  Conclusion The mouse model for lung metastasis using MDA-MB-231 cells with countable green fluorescence foci is successfully established.

Objective:To investigate the effect of cyclopamine on proliferation,apoptosis of colorectal cancer  Caco-2 cells and expounds its mechanism in the mitochondria using proteomic methods.Methods The  colorectal cancer  Caco-2 cells in  logarithmic growth phase  were divided into cyclopamine treatment groups and negative control groups.   The  Caco-2 cells were treated    with  5,10,20 and 40 μmol·L^-1 cyclopamine,MTS  assay and flow cytometric analysis were applied to  detect the inhibitory rate of growth  and the apoptotic  rate of Caco-2 cells. Nano-LC-ESI-MS method was used to detect the protein expression differences in mitochondria between various  groups.Results The growth inhibition rate of Caco-2 cells in treatment groups by 10,20,40 μmol·L^-1 cyclopamine after 24,48 and 72 h were 23.1%±1.8%,46.2%±0.9%,53.4%±2.3%,45.1%±2.8%,73.0%±2.5%,81.2%±1.6%,59.7%±2.3%,87.5%±1.4% and 91.0%±1.06%,they were obviously higher than those in negative control groups(1.8%±0.2%,2.5%±0.1%,and 3.7%±0.3%)（P<0.01）.The apoptotic rates of Caco-2 cell in treatment groups by 5,10,20, 40 μmol·L^-1 cyclopamine after 48 h were 24.1%±1.3%，31.7%±1.6%，50.5%±2.3%, and 64.0%±1.9%，they wer higher than that in negative control groups (14.5%±0.7%)(P<0.01). Proteomics difference analysis showed that Caco-2 cell mitochondrial proteins obviously changed after treated with cyclopamine,the expressions of  32  proteins were down-regulated  and the expressions of 25  proteins were up-regulated. Function analysis showed that these proteins involved in  apoptosis,cytoskeleton,nucleic acid,ribosomes and protein metabolism,etc,among them Clusterin,OPA1,ATF6,RGD1565411 and Cofilin had close relation with apoptosis.Conclusion Cyclopamine can inhibit the proliferation  of  colorectal cancer Caco-2 cells  by blocking HH pathways,its mechanism involve in  promoting apoptosis.Cyclopamine could change the  protein expression of Caco-2 cell mitochondria  obviously,the differences are  related to  apoptosis closely.

Abstract:Objective
To discuss the influence of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18βGA) on gap junction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)  and provide experimental basis for powerful and reversible gap junction inhibitors. Methods The preparations of mesenteric artery (MA) and anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) (OD<100  μm) in guinea pig were digested with collagenase A and   its adventitial tissues were cleaned. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were used to study the effect of 18βGA on membrane input capacitance (C_input),membrane input conductance (Ginput) or membrane input resistance (R_input) of VSMCs embedded in arteriole segments. Results The C_input and Ginput of the in situ cells were about 10-20 times that of the respective dispersed cell in MA and AICA. 18βGA concentration-dependently and reversibly suppressed Ginput or increased R_input,with  IC50 of 3.5 and 2.3  μmol·L^-1 in acutely isolated MA and AICA segments respectively. There was not significant difference between MA and AICA(P>0.05). After application of 18βGA (≥30  μmol·L^-1),the Cinput,G_input and Rinput of the in situ cells were very close to the respective dispersed cell in MA and AICA(P>0.05).
Conclusion 18βGA is a powerful and reversible gap junction blocker,achieving a maximal effect at ≥30  μmol^·L-1^. No significant difference is observed between MA and AICA for the gap junction blockade potency,suggesting a homogeneous property of the gap junctions between MA and AICA.

Abstract:Objective To prove the targeting effect of the polymer PEG-b-P(LA-co-DHP) micelles in vivo and provide theoretical basis for targeting therapy of tumor.Methods The biodistribution of rhodamine labeled polymer micelles was studied in H22 liver cancer-bearing mice by flouroscence animal imaging. H22 liver cancer-bearing mice were randomly separated in rhodamine conjugated polymer micelles group and free rhodoamine group. The fluoresence intensities in vivo and in isolated organs were measured 1,3,6,12,24 and 48 h after injection. Results Free rhdoamine faded away quickly through metabolism in organs of body,transferrd by circulation system,while no phenomenon of rhdoamine’s enrichment in tumor ocurred. After injected micelles  rhdoamine into body,the concentration of drug in the body was increased slowly. The phenomenon of drug enrichment occured in the tumor 3 h after administration,and  the maximal  concentration was found 6 h after administration,which was higher than any other organs of the body.The concentration remained comparatively higher level  after 12 h,and rhdoamine still stacked in the tumor after 24 h. Conclusion The PEG-b-P(LA-co-DHP) micelles can control the release of its bioconjugated drug in vivo,prolong the biological half-life,and improve the tumor targeting effect of the drug.

Abstract:Objective
To observe the influence of microwave radiation in the apoptosis of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and explore its mechanism. Methods Regarding 0 mW·cm^-2 as sham radiation group，the SH-SY5Y cells were radiated for 5 minutes by 10,30 and 50 mW·cm^-2 of microwave. The morphological changes of cells were observed under  light microscope;the cell nucleus stained by DAPI were observed under fluorescence microscope;the cell genomic DNA was extracted by CTAB and electrophoresed to observe DNA ladder;the cell viability was detected by trypan blue exclusion assay;the apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC/PI double staining;the relative activity of cells was detected by MTT assay;the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blotting. Results After microwave radiation,the morphology of SH-SY5Y cells changed immediately,the nucleus and cytoplasm structure were less clear,and cell shrinkage or even off the wall were observed;chromatin in the nucleus appeared irregular condensation,and fragmentated into 2 to 5 micronuclei;cell DNA ladder was apparent. The survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells was reduced gradually with the increasing of microwave radiation intensity,there was no significant difference between 10 mW·cm^-2 radiation group and sham radiation group (P>0.05);however,the cell survival rates in 30 and 50 mW·cm^-2 radiation group were lower than that in sham radiation group(P<0.05). The apoptotic rate of SH-SY5Y cells was gradually increased with the microwave radiation intensity in 6 h after microwave radiation,and the apoptotic rates in  each radiation group were higher than that in sham radiation group(P<0.05). Compared with sham radiation group,the cell relative activities of SH-SY5Y cells in each radiation group were markedly decreased  24 and 48 h after microwave radiation(P<0.05),and they were decreased with the increasing of microwave radiation intensity. After microwave radiation,the expressions of apoptosis related proteins Bcl-2 and survivin were decreased,the expressions of Bax,Caspase-3 and Caspase-7 were increased gradually,but the expressions of Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 changed little. Conclusion The apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells can be induced by microwave radiation in a obvious dose-dependent manner,which may be related to the increase of Survivin and Bcl-2 proteins,the decrease of Bax protein and the action of the Caspase-3 and Caspase-7,but with little relationship of the activation of Caspase-3 mediated by caspase-8 and Caspase-9.

Abstract:Objective
To study the inhibitory effect of ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on alpha-glucosidase by pharmacodynamic experiments in vitro,discuss the hypoglycemic mechanism,and provide experimental evidence for exploration and utilization of GBE. Methods The alpha-glucosidase was extracted from the small intestine of rats. The activity of α-glucosidase was determined by glucose kit. The inhibitory experiment in vitro was divided into normal control,positive control,and different doses of GBE(10.0,5.0,2.5 g·L^-1) groups. The concentration of glucose in the reaction system was detected and the inhibitory rate of drugs was calculated.The ex　vivo　 experiment was divided into normal control,negative control,positive control,and different doses of GBE(10.0,5.0,2.5 g·L^-1) group. The optical density value of starch in the reaction system was determined and the inhibitory rate of drugs was detected.The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) experiment was divided into 7-dose groups. The inhibitory rate of drugs was calculated,and the IC₅₀ was calculated.The inhibitory curve experiment was divided into normal control,positive control,and GBE group and the reaction rate was calculate. The reciprocal of concentration of substrate was used as abscissa,and the reciprocal of reaction rate as ordinate,and the inhibitory curves were drawn. Results The activity of α-glucosidase in rat small intestine was 67.2 μmol·L-1·min^-1.The inhibitory  experiment showed that high,moderate,low dose GBE inhibited the activity of alpha-glucosidase compared with normal control group(P<0.001,P<0.001,P<0.01);the ex vivo experiment results indicated that high dose  GBE inhibited the hydrolytic effect of amylase from the segments of small intestine efficiently compared with normal control(P<0.01),the IC₅₀ of GBE on sucrase was 0.758 6 g·L^-1,and the IC₅₀ of GBE on amylase was 0.910 1 g·L^-1. Conclusion GBE has superior inhibition on α-glucosidase，and its mechanism is  uncompetitive inhibition.

Abstract:Objective
To extract the active ingredient of Stigmata maydis for inhibiting the xanthine oxidase（XOD）and provide the basis for the further development of new Chinese medicine in treatment of  gout. Methods The production of uric acid and superoxide generation were detemined,and the inhibitory rates of XOD after treated with different solvent extraction and different solvent depuration of Stigma maydis were calculated,then the data was   compared with positive control allopurinol. Results Compared with other groups,the inhibitory rate of XOD activity of active component purified by 50% ethanol was the highest (60.90%±1.27%).The IC₅₀ of the production of uric acid  was 6.0 mg·L^-1 and that of positive control allopurinol  was 1.10 mg·L^-1.The  IC₅₀ of the production of superoxide ions was 4.5 mg·L^-1 ，and that of positive control allopurinol  was 1.05 mg·L^-1.Conclusion The active ingredient of Stigma maydis which could inhibit XOD activity is purified by 50% ethanol.

Abstract:Objective
To explore the influence of different intensities of exercise load on the expressions of  nerve growth factor(NGF)and  neuronal nitric oxide synthase (n-NOS) in rat hippocamp tissues  and mechanism and lay a foundation for study on prevention of brain diseases.Methods 40 Wistar male rats were divided into non-exercise group (control group) and exercise group. In exercise group,the  rats swam for  15,30 and 60 min  every day. After 8 weeks,the rat brain was obtained, the expression levels of NGF and n-NOS in rat hippocamp tissues were detected with S-P immunohistochemistry.Results  Compared with control group, the positive expression levels of  of  NGF in rat hippocamp tissues  in 15,30,and 60 min groups were significantly increased (P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with 15 min group,the positive expression levels in 30 and 60 min groups  were increased (P<0.01);but there was no significant different  between 30 min group and 60 min group(P>0.05).Compared with control  group,the nNOS positive expression levels in  rat hippocamp tissues in 30 and 60 min groups were significant increased （P<0.01）. Compared with 15 min group,the nNOS positive expression levels in   rat hippocamp tissues in 30 and 60 min groups were significantly in creased （P<0.05,P<0.01），and there was significant difference between 30 min group and 60 min group（P<0.01）.Conclusion The expression levels of  NGF and nNOS in rat hippocamp tissues are  increased  with the increase of exercise load within a certain range.It indicates that the NGF and nNOS in different periods with excise load have important effects on  in the growth and repair of hippocampal nerve.

Abstract:Objective To isolate and culture brain tumor stem cells(BTSCs),and explore the feasibility for obtaining BTSCs byCD133 magnetic sorting and  the biological characteristics of BTSCs. Methods The fresh glioblastoma sample wasdissociated,the cells were cultivated in serum-free media with growth factor,the BTSCs were purified by CD133 magneticsorting,the positive rate of CD133+/- subgroup cells was detected by flowcytometry; neurosphere forming essay was used toanalyze the self-renewal and proliferativecapacity; immunofluorescent staining was performed to detect the neural stem cells(NSCs)  markers CD133 and nestin of CD133+/- subgroup cells,and the multipotentiality markers β-TubulinⅢ and GFAP ofCD133+/- subgroup cells after induction. Results The CD133+ cells had the characteristics of stem cells,and could form the neurosphere,had the self-renewal and proliferative capacity. The expressions of CD133 and nestin were positive inCD133+cells;β-TubulinⅢ and GFAP were also  positive after differentiation. But CD133－cells hadn’t  the characteristics mentioned above. Conclusion CD133 magnetic sorting can isolate and purify  BTSCs,it can be used to get more BTSCs for experiments.

Abstract:Objective To study the influence of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT) on the apoptosis of  gastric
cancer cell line SCG 7901 and the expressions of BAX protein and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)  and explore themechanisms.Methods The gastric cancer cell line SCG 7901 treated with 1.0 mmol?L-1 AZT for 6 d were used as AZT group,at the same time,control group was set up.The apoptotic rates  of SGC 7901 in two groups weredetected with MG-P-Mstaining. The expressions of Bax protein and PCNA  of  gastric cancer cell line SCG 7901 6 d after drug administrationwere determined by  immunohistochemical technique(EnVision). Results The apoptotic rates in AZT proup and control group were(16.421±0.713)% and　(3.366±0.271)% respectively, the  apoptotic rate  in AZT group was  significantly higher thanthat in  control group(P<0.05). Compared with control group,the expression of Bax protein was significantly increased (16.851%±10.064% vs 47.389%±18.042%,P<0.05)　 and the expression of PCNA  was significantly decreased(23.446%±13.055% vs62.332±22.767%，P<0.05) in AZT group. Conclusion AZT can induce  the apoptosis of gastric cancer cell line SCG7901,promote the expression of Bax protein and inhibit the expression of PCNA.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the  security of application of the protein components from Jilin Shuangyang sika deer antler pilose and provide experimental basis for study on its development and application.  Methods
The raw pilose antler from Shuangyang was homogenated with high speed. The supernatant was obtained by centrifuge.  Ammonium sulfate was applied to precipitate protein solution and then PBS was used to dissolve. Sephadexg-25 was applied to eliminate irons to obtain purified total protein solution. 58 ICR mice  were randomly divided into control group(saline intragastric administration),intragastric group,subcutaneous injection group,and intraperitoneal injection group all by administrating protein solution. The dosage was 6.7 mg?kg-1,twice a day. 28 days later,the mice were executed and the heart,liver,kidney,lung of  each group were obtained for  pathological observation. Results After sephadex-G25 filtration,the concentration of total protein solution was 0.685 g?L-1 . Myoplasm condensation was found in  intragastric group（50.0%）,subcutaneous injection group（91.7%） and intraperitoneal injection group（87.5%）. Inflammatory cell infiltration and focalnecrosis were observed in intragastric injection group（40.0%）,subcutaneous injection group （64.3%） and intraperitoneal injection group（77.8%）. 3 cases of hyaline degeneration were found in subcutaneous injection group. Every 3 cases of pneumonia were found in intragastric injection group.Every 3 cases of broaden pulmonary septum were found in subcutaneous injection group and intraperitoneal injection group. Conclusion Antler protein of sika deer can result in toxication of heart and liver of mice in some extent, but has no  significant effect on either kidney or lung.      

Abstract:Objective To study the influence of blocking the expression of focal adhesion kinase(FAK) in the invasion behaviorof salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma-lung metastasis（SACC-LM）cells and explore its relevant mechanism.Methods The SACC-LM cells in logarithmic growth phase were selected,and randomly divided into blank control group,DMSO groupand Genistein group,the Transwell chamber was used to observe the influence of Genistein in the invasion of SACC-LM cells.TheSACC-LM cells were divided into blank control group,different doses of  Genistein groups and Genistein groups for different treatment time,the expressions of FAK and extracellular signal regulated kinase(ERK) were detected withWestern blotting.Results Compared with bland control group,the invasive ability of SACC-LM cells was reduced  and the expressions of FAK andERK protein were decreased with the increase of the inhibitor concentration and prolongation of treatment time (P<0.05) inGenistein groups.Conclusion Blocking   FAK expression can reduce the invasion of SACC-LM cells,the changes of FAK affect theexpression of ERK protein in SACC-LM cells.

Abstract:Objective To explore the intervention effect of  N-acetylglucosamine(GlcNAc) on injury of liver tissuesinduced by alcohol and clarify its mechanism. Methods Alcohol-induced liver disease model was established by feeding rats with white spirit bought in market. Meanwhile,intervention groups were set up by adding low,middle and high doses of GlcNAc tothe white spirit. Beginning drunken time and drunken duration were then compared between model group and intervention groups. Paraffin section of intestinal tracttissues tissues and liver tissues were used to observe the  pathological injury in model group and intervention groups with HEstaining. Results Compared with model group,the beginning drunken time was prolonged (P<0.05,P<0.01) and the drunkenduration was gradually shortened (P<0.05,P<0.01) in intervention groups.The  injury of intestinal mucosa structures in modelgroup could observed through paraffin section,the glands shrank    back,the exfoliative gut mucosa cells were found. Mostliver cell membranes were disrupted,a few nuclei were broken and disappeared,hepatic cell cord was filled with light-acidophilia and homogeneous matter and adjacent tissues were lossened. There was attenuation at different  degrees in all low middle and high doses of GlcNAc groups. Conclusion GlcNAc may relieve the injury of liver tissues and  ntestinaltracttissues induced by alcohol,and the protective effect of GlcNAc on liver may be associated with its function of stabilizing  the intestinal mucosal barrier.

Abstract:Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of gemcitabine (GEM) combined with the dendritic cells (DC) sensitized byHepG2 cells’ whole lysates on proliferation of HepG2 cells and provide experimental basis for its clinical application.Methods Whole cell lysates of HepG2 cells were extracted with freeze thawing method,then the monocyte-derived DC were plusedinto this cellular antigen. The HepG2 cells were divided into negative group(only HepG2 cells);unactivated T lymphocytes(UTL) group;activated T lymphocytes(ATLgroup ;50, 100,150,and 200 μg/L^-1  GEM groups;UTL+ 50,100,150,and200 μg/L^-1 GEM groups;ATL+50,100,150,and 200 μg/L^-1  GEM groups.The capability of antigen plused DC to promote T lymphocyte proliferation and the abilities of  different concentrations of  GEM combined with sensitized T cells to kill HepG2 cells were detected by MTT methods,respectively. The apoptotic rates of HepG2cells in various groups were detected by flow cytometry. Results There was significant difference of the stimulate index(SI) between control and negative control groups（P<0.01）.The kill rate in ATL group(21.68%±4.39%) was higher than thatin UTL group （4.81%2.54%）,there was significant difference（P<0.01）.Compared with ATL+50,100,150 μg/L^-1  GEgroups,the kill rate in ATL+ 200 μg?L-1  GEM group was significantly increased（P<0.05）.Compared with negative control group（4.47%±1.98%）,the apoptotic rate in UTL group （5.45%±0.94%)had no significant differenc（P>0.05） ;the apoptotic rate in ATL group （14.32%±1.16%）had  significant differences compared with the former two groups（P<0.01）. The apoptotic rate in ATL+ 100 μg/L^-1  GEM group was 24.52%±0.85%,there were significant differences compared with the other groups（P<0.05）. Conclusion The DC sensitized by HepG2 cells’ whole lysates could induce anti-cancer cytotoxicity T cells and the activated T cells combined with GEM can significantly increase their effects to kill tumor cells .

Objective  To observe the effect  Acanthopanax senticosus saponins (ASS) on experimental vascular dementia in rats induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) and provide basis for further development of ASS. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham group,model group and ASS (low dose，middle dose and high dose) groups. The experimental vascular dementia model induced by MCAO was set up in rats, 10 d later,they were treated by continuously intraperitoneal injection of 25,50 and 100 mg/kg^-1 ASS for 20 d. The abilities of learning and memory were evaluated by Morris water maze test. After detection the ethology,the brain tissues were collected to carry out pathological analysis by light microcope and homogenate to detect the activities of acetylcholine esterase (AchE)  and choline acetyl transferase(ChAT). Results In Morris water maze test,compared with model group,the escape latency and swimming distance were decreased in the 4th and 5th days (P<0.05 or P<0.01);and  the ratio of the swim time in the virgin platform quadrant (tP) and the total swim time (tT) and the ratio of the swim distance in the virgin platform quadrant (dP) and the total swim distance (dT) were increased significantly(P<0.05) in 50 and 100 mg/kg^-1 ASS groups. and the activity  of AchE was decreased significantly (P<0.05) in 50 and 100 mg/kg^-1ASS groups;the activity of ChAT in 100 mg/kg^-1 ASS group was increased significantly(P<0.05). The histopathological results indicated that there were marked focus of infarctionin the cerebr-blood-supply region by middle cerebral artery,the nerve cells of the  hippocampal CA1 fields of rats arrangeddisorderedly,the quantity of nerve cells was decreased markedly in  model group. 50 and 100 mg/kg^-1 ASS diminished the size of focus of infarction,protected the nerve cells of the hippocampal CA1 fields from disorder,maintained the quantity of nerve cells,andimproved the damage of brain. Conclusion ASS can improve the abilities  of learning and memory of vascular dementia rats and protect the brain tissue from pathological changes. Its mechanism may be related to increasing  the activity of ChAT, decreasing  the activity of AchE,and  promoting the synthesis of AchE.

Abstract:Objective To observe the effect of creatine phosphate sodium(CP) on the invasion of human ovarian carcinoma SKOV3 cells in vitro and explore its mechanism. Methods The SKOV3 cells cultivated in vitro were treated with normal saline(control group),1,6 and 12 mmol/L^-1CP for 72 h,respectively. The adhesive ability of cells in each group was detected by MTT. The invasive and migrative abilities of cells in each group were detected by Transwell method. The expressions of nm23-h1,c-myc,MMP-2 and MMP-9  were analyzed with RT-PCR and FCM. Results Compared with control group,the indicators mentioned above in 1 mmol/L^-1 CP grooup had no significantly changes (P>0.05);and the invasive and migrative abilities in 6 and 12 mmol/L^-1CP groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05). The RT-PCR and FCM results showed that the nm23-h1 gene and protein expressions in 6 and 12 mmol/L^-1CP groups were significantly increased compared with control group (P<0.05);but there was no significant differencebetween 6 mmol?L-1CP group and 12 mmol/L^-1 CP group (P>0.05). Compared with control group,the expressions of c-myc in 6 and 12 mmol/L^-1 CP groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between 6 mmol/L^-1CP group and 12 mmol/L^-1CP group (P>0.05). The MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expressions in 1,6 and 12 mmol/L^-1CP groups had no significant changes compared with control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion CP can significantly inhibit the adhesion,invasion,migration of SKOV3 cells and its mechanism may be related to  up-regulation of the expression of nm23-h1 and down-regulation of the expression of c-myc.

Objective To isolate and culture miniature pig periodontal ligament cells in vitro， pave the way for developing a animal model of miniature pig and provide  experimental basis for periodontal regeneration.Methods 4 incisors and 4 canines were extracted in the condition of asepsis.The primary cells were isolated from miniature pigperiodontal ligament and cultivated by tissue explant culture technique,then passaged when the cells completely covered the bottom of culture flasks. The growth curve was drawn. Morphological analysis and immunocytochemical analysis were used to characterize the cell lineage. Results The miniature pig periodontal ligament cells of primary culture were obtained with tissue cultivation,the success rate of primary culture was 50% and the highest successful rate (100%) was observed in incisor.The actively proliferating cells showed long spindle appearance.By immunocytochemical analysis,these cells were positive to antibodies against vimentin,and negative to antibodies against ceratin,indicating themselves to be mesoderm-derived fibroblasts .Conclusion The miniature pig periodontal ligament cells,which can be cultived successfully in vitro，especiallythe cells from incisor,may be the potential cells for periodontl regeneration in animal model.

Objective To observe the change of plasma carbon monoxide(CO) and the expressions of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and hemeoxygenase-2 (HO-2) in kidney tissues,and explore the effect of heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide(HO/CO)on development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Methods 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and model group,The rat models with diabetic nephropathy were established according to Anderson’ method. 8 weeks later,the urine of rats were collected to measure the 24 h urinary protein(Upro)and urinary creatinine(Ucr);the rats were sacrificed to measure the levels of CO,blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine (Scr),meanwhile  the Ccr was calculated;the kidneys were harvested for observing the expressions of HO-1 and HO-2 by immunohistochemistry. Results The contents of Upro,BUN and Scrall were increased in model group,but Ccr and CO were decreased compared with control group(P<0.01);the content of plasma COin model group was obviously lower than that in control group(P<0.01);the expressions of HO-1 and HO-2 in kidney tissues were obviously reduced compared with control group (P<0.01). Conclusion The abnormal regulation of HO/CO is involved in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To explore the radiosensitivity of C225(cetuximab)，an anti-epithelial growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody,which combined with irradiation against  lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPC-A-1,and  provide theoretical basis for clinical combined treatment in non-small lung cancer. Methods SPC-A-1 were cultivated in vitro for 6 passages,and the SPC-A-1 in logarithmic growth phase were seleted for experiment.The SPC-A-1 were divided into control group(PBS),irradiation group(4 Gy),C225 group(100 nmol·L^-1) and irradiation+C225 group(4 Gy+100 nmol·L^-1).The apoptosis of SPC-A-1 was observed by fluorescence microscope after Hoechst 33258 staining.SPC-A-1 were treated  with different doses of 6-MV X-Rays including 0,2,4 and 8 Gy alone
 or together with C225(100 nmol·L^-1),72 h after irradiation, the cells were divided into irradiation group and experimental group(irradiation+C22),the  apototic rate was detected  by flow cytometry (FCM).SPC-Ａ-1 were divided into control group(PBS),C225 group(100 nmol·L^-1),irradiation group(8 Gy) and irradiation+C225 group (8 Gy+100 nmol·L^-1), 48 h after irradiation, the  cell cycle was determined by FCM.   Results A
fter staining by Hoechst 33258,the number of apoptotic cells in irradiation+C225 group was significantly higher than those in  irradiation  group and C225 group.In apoptosis experiment,the apoptotic rate in experimental group was higher than that in irradiation group(P<0.05).The cell cycle analysis showed that compared with control group,the number of cells  in G0+G1 phase was increased in  C225 group(P<0.05),the number of cells in  G0+G1 and G2+M phrases in  irradiation+C225 group was increased(P<0.05),the number of cells in S phrase
 of  three groups was decreased(P<0.05). Conclusion The mechanism of  radiosensitivity enhancement of C225 to SPC-A-1 may be related to  arresting   G0+G1 phases and inducing apoptosis.

Abstract:Objective To observe the distribution of COMT gene polymorphism Val158Met  in Chinese patients with schizophrenia and investigate the possible association between COMT gene polymorphism and  schizophrenia and  tardive dyskinesia (TD).
Methods The whole blood samples from 356 schizophrenic patients with TD (TD group),419 schizophrenic patients without TD (non-TD group)and 471 cases of normal healthy subjects(control group) were collected,the DNA was extracted,the distribution of genotype and allele of COMT gene polymorphism Val158Met was  detected by Taqman assays. Results Compared between schizophrenic patients group and normal control group,the allelic frequency and genotypic frequency of rs4680 hadn’t significant differences（χ²=3.08,df=3,P=0.21;χ²=2.067,df=2,P=0.15）. Compared between TD group and normal control group,the allelic frequency and genotypic frequency of rs4680 hadn’t significant differences (χ²=1.857,df=3,P=
0.40;χ2 =1.281,df=2,P=0.26). Compared between non-TD group and normal control group,the allelic frequency and genotypic frequency of rs4680 hadn’t significant differences (χ²=2.505,df=3,P=0.29;χ²=1.709,df=2,P=0.19). Compared with TD group and non-TD group,the frequencies of allele and genotype of rs4680 hadn’t significant differences (χ²=0.021,df=3,P=0.99;χ²=0.013,df=2,P=0.91).Conclusion The Val158Met polymorphism of COMT gene isn’t associated with schizophrenia and TD.

Objective To detect the distribution of genotype and allele of COMT gene polymorphism  rs4818 in Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia in North China and investigate the possible association between COMT gene polymorphism and schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia(TD). Methods The distribution of genotype and allele of COMT gene polymorphism rs4818 was detected in 273 schizophrenic patients with TD,114 schizophrenic patients without TD and 286 normal controls by Taqman assays.Results There were significant differences of the frequency of rs4818 G/G between schizophrenia and control groups (χ²=6.186,df=3,P=0.045)and between TD and control groups(χ²=6.081,df=3,P=0.048).The frequency of G allele  in non-TD group was lower than that in control group(χ²=4.049,df=2,P=0.044).There were no significant differences of the frequencies of rs4818 genotype and allele between TD and non-TD group(χ²=0.634,df=2,P=0.426;χ²=0.848,df=3,P=0.654). Conclusion The COMT rs4818 polymorphism may be associated with schizophrenia but not TD in the Han Chinese population.

Objective To study the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases-9(MMP-9) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in telomerase and alternative lengthening of telomere osteosarcoma,and discuss the effects of MMP-9 and PCNA
 in the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma. Methods The expressions of MMP-9,PCNA,human telomerase reverse transcriptasc(hTERT) and promyelocytic leukemia body(PML) were examined using immunohistochemical SP staining method in 2
7 cases of osteosarcoma and 10 cases of normal bone tissues.Results  ①The positive rates of MMP-9 and PCNA expressions in osteosarcoma tissues were 88.89% and 85.19% respectively,in normal bone tissues were 10% and 0%,there were significant differences between two groups(P<0.001);② The expressions of MMP-9 in osteosarcoma of telomerase  were twelve cases of  (+++),five cases of  (++),one case of  (+),two cases of　(－).The expressions of MMP-9 in osteosarcoma of alternative lengthening of telomere were zero case of(+++),four cases of (++),two cases of (+),one case of (－),there were statistically significant differences between telomerase and telomere alternative osteosarcoma( P<0.05).③ The expressions of PCNA in osteosarcoma of telomerase were ten cases of  (+++),six cases of (++),one case of  (+),two cases of(－),the expressions of PCNA  in osteosarcoma of alternative lengthening of telomere were zero case of (+++),four cases of (++),two cases of (+),one case of (－),there were statistically significant differences between telomerase and telome
re alternative osteosarcoma( P<0.05).Conclusion There are statistically significant differences of the expressions of MMP-9 and PCNA between osteosarcoma of telomerase and telomere alternative osteosarcoma.The abilities of metastasis and invasion and  proliferation in telomerase osteosarcoma are stronger than those of  alternative lengthening of telomere osteosarcoma.

Objective To study the expressions of GRIM-19 and its target gene product STAT3 in human gastric carcinoma（GC）tissues and their clinical  significances,and clarify their effects in occurrence and development of gastric carcinoma.  Methods  RT-PCR,immunohistochemistry dyeing and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of GRIM-19 and STAT3  in GC tissues，tissues surrounding carcinoma and normal gastric tisssues. The correlations between  the expressions of  GRIM-19 and STAT3 and  the  clinicopathologic characteristics of gastric carcinoma were analyzed statistically. Results The mRNA and protein levels of GRIM-19  in GC tissues as well as tissues surrounding carcinoma were obviously lower than those in normal tissues (P<0.01). Furthermore,the expression of GRIM-19 protein  was correlated to cell differentiation and clinical stage of GC (P<0.01). In contrast,the mRNA and protein levels of STAT3  as well as tissues surrounding carcinoma in GC tissues were higher  than those in normal tissues (P<0.01),and the expression of STAT3 was correlated to cell differentiation,lymphatic metastasis and clinical stage of GC(P<0.01). The significantly negative correlation was found between the expressions of GRIM-19 and STAT3 in GC tissues (r=－0.396，P<0.01). Conclusion
The low expression of GRIM-19 and the high expression of STAT3 co-exist in GC tissues. It may be related to malignant transformation and abnormal proliferation of cells,which facilitates the development of GC.

Objective According to the latest WHO Classification of tumours  of haematopoietic and  lymphoid tissues in 2008，to observe and analyze the clinical features，morphology and immunophenotypes of primary follicular lymphoma （FL）in the tonsil，and explore its similarities and differences with FL in the lymph node，and contribute to the diagnosis and identified dignosis. Methods The clinical data and diagnostic biopsys of 37 patients with primary FL in the tonsil were reviewed，the expressions of LCA，CD20，CD79a，CD45RO，CD3，CD10，Bcl-6 and Bcl-2 were observed using immunohistochemical staining. Results
The clinical diagnosis before biopsy was 28 cases of  tumor，6 cases of tonsillar cancer and 3 cases of lymphoma patients in 37 patients with  primary FL in  tonsil.The morphological characteristics were similar to nodal FL，there were 4 cases of follicles， 1 case of follicles and diffuse，32 cases of less follicles，no diffuse type.17 cases of grade 1-2，20 cases of grade 3.The LCA and B cell markers，CD20 and CD79a were positive expressed;the CK and T cell markers ，CD45RO and CD3 were negative expressed by immunohistochemical staining.The expression rates of CD10 and Bcl-6 were 43.24% and 86.48%，the co-expression rate of CD10 and Bcl-6 was 37.83%；22 cases expressed the Bcl-2，the positive rate was 59.46%；the expression rates of CD10，Bcl-6，Bcl-2 in low-grade FL and high- grade FL had no statistically significant differences(P>0.05).
The morphology and immunophenotype of 2 cases occurred in children tFL were similar to the new WHO classification with subtypes of the children FL.Conclusion The morphological feature of tonsil FL is similar to lymph node FL， in the biopsy specimens the  less follicular  and the high-grade are the most.The expressions of  germinal center markers and B cell markers are  basically the same as lymph node FL，while the expression rate of Bcl-2 is lower than that of lymph node FL.

Objective To investigate the feature and difference of protein expression in neoplastic cells and non-neoplastic background lymphoid cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma.Methods The clinical data,histological features and immunohis
tochemical findings of sixty-eight cases of classical Hodgkin lymphoma were collected.The additional immunostaining was performed if conformed by Envision method,the CD30，CD15 and T/B phenotype and so forth were mainly observed. Results The expression  rates of CD30 in neoplastic cells and background lymphoid cells were 86.76%（59/68）and 20.59%（14/68）. The expression rates of CD15 in neoplastic cells and background lymphoid cells were 51.47%（35/68）and 63.24%（43/68）. The positive rates of T-cell and B-cell phenotypes in neoplastic cells were 45.59%(31/68) and 42.65%(29/68). The expressions of B-cell and T-cell phenotype in neoplastic cells were 21 cases and 28 cases while mature lymphoid cells mainly expressed T-cell phenotype.The expressions of B-cell and T-cell phenotypes in neoplastic cells were 8 cases and 3 cases while mature lymphoid cells  mainly expressed non  T-cell phenotype.Conclusion Both CD30 and CD15 are not specific markers,they could express both in neoplastic cells and reactive lymphocytes.The  T-cell phenotype expressed in neoplastic cells  is higher than  B-cell phenotype.There is no difference of positive rate between    T-cell or B-cell phenotype in neoplastic cells while background cells mainly express T-cell phenotype.

Objective To study the characteristics of self-focused attention and make a clear knowledge on the impact of self-focused attention,anxiety-related body sensations,judgment of anxiety-related behaviors in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Methods In the social interaction context,the SAD patients(n=32) and healthy controls (n=35)  were investigated in the characteristics of self-focused attention,anxiety-related body sensations and judgment of anxiety-related behaviors. Results The levels of self-focused attention and  anxiety-related body sensations in SAD group were higher than those in healthy control group (P<0.01). The self-focused attention was positively related to the bias of judgment,the self assessment scores of anxiety-related behaviors and the anxiety-related body sensations （r=0.906，P<0.01； r=0.776，P<0.01；
r=0.433，P<0.01）. Conclusion The SAD  patients who selectively pay attention to self-related information will due to more anxiety-related body sensations and the bias of judgment in anxiety-related behaviors. 

Objective  To approach the effectiveness and safety of irbesarten/hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy in treating essential hypertension with Meta-analysis and provide basis for their application in clinic. Methods Computer
 search was performed using the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial MBA SE(1966 to September 2010),CNKI(1979 to September 2010),WanFang(1981-2010.09）,VIP（1989-2010.09），the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were collected,then the retrieved studies according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were screened,the quality of included studies was evaluated and RevMan 4.2 software was used for Meta analysis.Results A total of 516 articles were found and 5 of which were finally included. Effectiveness:χ2=7.50，df=5，P=0.19，Z=7.23（P<0.00001），OR=2.26，95％CI［1.81，2.82］；Safety:χ2=7.82
，df=5，P=0.17，Z=1.11（P=0.27），OR=0.87，95％CI［0.68，1.11］. Conclusion Irbesarten/hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy is more effective than control group in treating essential hypertension and there is no significant difference in safety between them.

Objective  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rifapentine(RPT) and rifampicin(RFP) in treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with Meta-analysis,and provide a reliable and scientific evidence of evidence-based medicine for c
linical application of RPT  in tuberculosis treatment. Methods The articles related to the efficacy and safety of RPT and RFP in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis,and randomized clinical controlled trials （RCT）or clinical controlled trials（CCT）published in the openly journals either in Chinese or English from 1999 to July 2010 were searched by computer. The databases were as follows:Ovid-medline,CBMdisc,Pubmed,CNKI,Wanfang database and Weipu database. Some pulmonary tuberculosis journals which didn’t publish on line had also been searched by hand. Results There were 18 RCTs and 6 CCTs were finally selected. In the aspect of efficacy,the  2-month sputum negative conversion rate of the primary treated tuberculosis cases,the obvious effective rate and curable rate of cavity at the end of   treatment period of  relapse tuber
culosis and recurrence rate of tuberculosis in the following 2 or 3 years after  treatment period of the relapse tuberculosis cases were all significantly different between RPT and RFP groups,respectively（P<0.05）. RPT was more effective than RFP . There were no significant differences between two groups on other indexes,such as 2-month sputum negative conversion rate of the relapse tuberculosis cases,and sputum negative conversion rates both of the primary and relapse tuberculosis cases at the end of treatment  period of tuberculosis,and obvious effective rate and curable rate of cavity at the end of the treatment period of the primary treated tuberculosis cases（P>0.05）. As for the evaluation of safety，the combined analysis results showed that  skin rash and drug fever showed no significant differences（P>0.05），other indexes  all showed significant differences between two groups (P<0.05),such as total drug side-effects，abnormal liver function，ALT elevating，serum bilirubin elevating,gastrointestinal adverse reactions,and discontinuation of medication. RPT had less side effects than RFP. Conclusion RPT is safe and effective to treat pulmonary tuberculosis,especially for relapse cases. Besides,the patients possibly have better tolerance and adherence to RPT than RFP.

Abstract:Objective  To explore the effects of fluticasone/salmeterol  on T helper cell(Th) subsets in peripheral blood  and airway inflammation in patients with asthma and provide a theoretical basis for their clinical application in treatment of asthma. Methods  13 patients with chronic persistent moderate asthma received  250　μg fluticasone/50 μg salmeterol inhalation （twice daily）　for 1.5 and 3.0 months. The changes of peripheral Th subsets and the levels of their cytokines and IgE in serum were detected，the inflammatory cells in induced sputum and the clinical effects in patients with asthma treated by fluticasone/salmeterol were observed.Results  Compared with before treatment,after treatment of  1.5 months  in patients with asthma：the percentage of Th3 was increased(P<0.05)，the percentage of  Th2 was decreased（P<0.05），the TGF-β and IL-4 had no significant change  in the peripheral blood（P>0.05）；the eosinophils(eos) in sputum was significantly decreased（P<0.01），the eos  in blood and neutrophils in sputum had no significant change；the PEF and ACT scores were  increased(P<0.01)，the PEF variability was decreased （P<0.01）， the use frequency of rescue medications for daily had no significant decrease； after treatment of  3.0 months:the Th1，Th1/Th2 and Th3 were increased，the Th2 was decreased（P<0.05 or P<0.01）；the IL-4 and TGF-β  were decreased(P<0.05)，the IFN-γ was increased （P<0.05）；the level of IgE had no significant change；the  eos in blood，eos  and neutrophils in sputum were decreased（P<0.01）；the PEF and ACT scores were  increased，the PEF variability was decreased （P<0.01），the use frequency of rescue medications for daily was decreased（P<0.01）；and the PEF variability was continuously decreased，the ACT were continuously increased （P<0.01）after treatment of  3.0 months compared after treatment of 1.5 months.Conclusion  Fluticasone/salmeterol can increase the numbers of  Th3 cells in peripheral blood of patients with asthma，correcte the imbalances of Th1/Th2 ratio ，reduce asthmatic airway inflammation and clinical symptoms in a time-dependent manner.

Abstract:Objective To investigate  the changes of serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ)，matrix metalbproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and oxidized low density lipoprotein(oxLDL) levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and  provide theoretical  evidence for judgement of  the nature of coronary atherosclerotic plaque.Methods 63 patients who had undergone  coronary angiography  were  divided into ACS group including 21 cases of  acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 20 cases of unstable angina (UAP))  and  normal control group(n=22). Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (ELISA) test, the levels of serum TNF-α,IFN-γ,MMP-9 and oxLDL were detected. Results  The serum levels of TNF-α,IFN-γ,MMP-9 and oxLDL in patients with  ACS were higher than those in control group(P<0.05); the serum levels of  TNF-α, IFN-γ and oxLDL had  no significant differences between  AMI group and UAP group(P>0.05); the serum level of MMP-9 in patients with AMI was higher than that in UAP group(P<0.05). Conclusion The serum levels of TNF-α,IFN-γ,MMP-9 and oxLDL can be used to judge  the nature of coronary atherosclerotic plaque;TNF-α,IFN-γ,MMP-9 and oxLDL can accelerate the progress of unsteady of coronary atherosclerotic  plaque and  promote plaque rupture;the serum level of MMP-9 may  become an important biochemical monitoring indicator about risk stratification in patients with coronary heart disease.

Abstract:Objective  To investigate the value of insulin releasing test (IRT) and insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) in diagnosis and treatment of  type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and clarify the relationship between them. Methods 138 T2DM patients (59 T2DM A and 79 T2DM B) and 43 cases of healthy controls  were chosen. The blood glucose,insulin at different time and fasting IGF-Ⅰ were measured. Results The level  of fasting insulin in T2DM patients was  lower than that in  control group at the same time （P<0.05）,the peak of insulin  was lower also (P<0.05) and was delayed for 30-60 min,it still contained a higher level at  180 min(P<0.05),the IGF-Ⅰ level  were lower than those in  control group and T2DM B patients(P<0.05). The level of fasting insulin was higher than that in control group,the peak was delayed for 60-120 min,the peak value was similar to  control group (P>0.05) and stayed higher level  till 180 min; The IGF-Ⅰ level was higher than those in  control group and T2DM A patients  (P<0.05). Conclusion IRT and IGF-Ⅰ can obviously show the state of  glucose metabolism. IRT combined with IGF-Ⅰ play an  important role in  diagnosis and treatment of T2DM.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the value in judgement of malignancy and invasion of glioma with hydrogen-1 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H1-MRS) in combination with  diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and provide useful image information for evaluating biologic classification of glioma and regulating reasonable treatment principles. Methods 13 patients with low grade glioma and 12 patients with high grade glioma underwent conventional MR imaging,H1-MRS and DTI. the parameters of MRS and DTI were measured,The values of patients in high grade and low grade glioma groups were compared and the changes of the white fiber tracts were observed.Results Compared with low grade glioma group,the NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr,NAA/Cho,rFA values in high grade glioma group had statistic differences(P<0.05). In high grade glioma group,the NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr,NAA/Cho and rFA of edema area (0.98±0.19,2.80±1.20,0.58±0.19,0.56±0.11)and edge of edema (1.46±0.25,1.29±0.28,1.12±0.18,0.78±0.06) were different statistically (P<0.05). White matter fiber was illustrated by  DTT as deviation and rarefaction in low grade glioma;destruction and discontinuation in high grade glioma. Conclusion H1-MRS combined with DTI contributes to study malignancy and invasion of glioma and provide more useful information for establishing operating program of glioma.