MMH凝胶液滴蒸发与燃烧过程的数值仿真

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20230049

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文对耦合甲基肼（MMH）凝胶液滴蒸发模型和MMH/NTO的燃烧动力学机理进行了MMH凝胶液滴蒸发与燃烧过程的数值模拟研究。首先，研究了MMH/NTO的一维对冲火焰和低温零维化学反应动力学过程，发现MMH受热会立刻分解为CH₃NNH和H₂，MMH/NTO混合物存在两阶段点火现象。进一步在压力为0.5 MPa、温度为1 000 K条件下对MMH/NTO凝胶单液滴的蒸发和燃烧过程进行了一系列仿真模拟，发现了凝胶膜形成、膨胀、破碎过程，以及破碎之后释放的MMH蒸汽与环境中的NTO相互扩散形成非预混的火焰面；同时，液滴半径的变化呈现振荡现象。在凝胶液滴两次破碎时刻之间，由于MMH蒸汽的不断消耗，火焰面处温度也会随之逐渐降低；随着时间的推移，凝胶液滴膨胀-破碎的频率越快，MMH分解放热越频繁，气液交界处温度会随之升高。在一维仿真中，同样发现MMH的两阶段放热过程，NTO的分解吸热导致周围温度略有降低。最后，比较了初始温度和初始压力对燃烧过程的影响，发现环境温度越高，液滴膨胀-破碎频率越快，凝胶液滴的寿命越短；压力增大，火焰面更靠近液滴，与常规液滴蒸发燃烧过程类似。

关键词: 动力机械工程, 凝胶液滴, 液滴蒸发, 液滴燃烧, 甲基肼

Abstract:

The combustion of monomethylhydrazine （MMH）gel droplet under a nitrogen tetroxide （NTO） environment are simulated considering chemical kinetics. At first， the one-dimensional counterflow and zero-dimensional ignition of the MMH/NTO mixture are conducted. The results show that MMH will decompose into CH₃NNH and H₂ immediately under the current condition， and MMH/NTO mixture has a two-stage ignition. Then， single MMH/NTO droplet combustion under the pressure of 0.5 MPa and temperature of 1 000 K is carried out. The gel formation， expansion and fragmentation， as well as the mutual diffusion of the MMH vapor with NTO and forming a non-premix flame surface are found. Due to the physical process of gel formation， expansion and fragmentation， the temporal evolution of droplet radius is oscillating. Between the sequential gel fragmentation， the temperature at the flame surface will gradually decrease due to the consumption of MMH. With the advance of time， the frequency of gel droplet expansion and break-up increases， leading to a rising in the gas-liquid interface temperature. In addition， it is also found that there are two ignition phenomena for the single MMH gel droplet， and the temperature in the surroundings decreases due to the decomposition of NTO. Finally， the effects of initial temperature and pressure on the combustion process are compared. The higher initial temperature in the surroundings results in the faster the droplet expansion break-up frequency， and the shorter lifetime of the gel droplet. As the pressure increases， the flame surface is closer to the droplet， which is similar to the conventional droplet evaporation combustion process.

Key words: power machinery and engineering, gel droplets, droplet evaporation, droplet combustion, MMH

中图分类号:

V231

张帆,韩宁,杜青,部竞琦,彭志军. MMH凝胶液滴蒸发与燃烧过程的数值仿真[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2024, 54(11): 3114-3124.

Fan ZHANG,Ning HAN,Qing DU,Jing-qi BU,Zhi-jun PENG. Numerical simulation of evaporation and combustion of MMH gel droplets[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(11): 3114-3124.

图/表 13

图1

表1

MMH/NTO的化学反应动力学机理［16］"

编号	化学反应	A/（cm³·mol^-1·s^-1）	n	E/（kJ·mol^-1）
1	$M M H + N O 2 → C H 2 N N H 2 + H O N O$	1.96E+28	-3.80	12 840.00
2	$C H 3 N N H 2 + N O 2 → C H 3 N N H + H O N O$	2.20E+11	0.00	6 700.00
3	$C H 3 N N H + N O 2 → C H 2 N 2 + H O N O$	1.00E+08	2.00	0.00
4	$M M H → C H 3 N N H + H 2$	2.20E+11	0.00	6 700.00
5	$H O N O + M → N O + O H + M$	3.26E+13	0.00	18 700.00
6	$N T O + M → N O 2 + N O 2 + M$	8.40E+12	0.00	17 000.00
7	$N O 2 → N O + O$	7.60E+18	-1.27	73 290.00
8	$N O 2 + H → N O + O H$	3.50E+14	0.00	1 500.00
9	$C H 3 N 2 → C H 3 + N 2$	3.00E+06	0.00	0.00
10	$H 2 + O H → H 2 O + H$	2.16E+10	1.51	0.00
11	$C H 3 + O → H + C H 2 O$	8.43E+13	0.00	0.00
12	$C H 2 O + O → O H + H C O$	3.90E+13	0.00	3 540.00
13	$H C O + O → H + C O 2$	3.00E+13	0.00	0.00
14	$C H 3 + N O → H C N + H 2 O$	9.60E+13	0.00	288 000.00
15	$H C N + M → H + C N + M$	1.04E+29	-3.30	126 600.00
16	$C N + H 2 → H C N + H$	2.10E+13	0.00	4 710.00
17	$N H 2 + H → N H + H 2$	4.00E+13	0.00	3 650.00
18	$N H + N O → N 2 + O H$	2.16E+13	-0.23	0.00
19	$H 2 + O → H + O H$	5.06E+04	2.67	6 290.63
20	$H C N + O H → N H 2 + C O$	1.60E+02	2.56	9 000.00

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

表2

图11

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环境压力/MPa	环境温度/K	液滴寿命/ms
0.5	1 400	1.702
0.5	1 200	1.781
0.5	1 000	1.866
0.1	1 000	3.623
1.0	1 000	1.349