The amidation and esterification of different cyclic anhydrides with aniline and phenol gave different major products, and the routes were optimized. When a conjugated system was contained in the cyclic anhydride, it gave N-phenylimide as the major product. The structures of the target molecules and the key intermediates were confirmed by ¹H NMR， ¹³C NMR and IR spectra in our experiments.

Two approximate optimality conditions of the weighted Euclidean onecenter (WEOC) problem were defined. Based on the idea of sequential minimal optimization (SMO) method, an SMOtype algorithm for the WEOC problem was proposed. By means of this algorithm, a (1+ε)approximate solution of the WEOC problem was computed, which satisfys the second approximate optimality condition. At each iteration, it updates only two components of the dual variable. The numerical results show the proposed SMOtype algorithm is simple to implement, can effectively solve largescale problem with a high degree of accuracy.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) sheets were synthesized via the pyrolysis of melamine at 1 000 K under vacuum. X-ray diffraction patterns strongly indicate that the synthesized carbon nitride was g-C₃N₄. Transmission electron microscopic images indicate that the product was mainly composed of graphitic carbon nitride sheets. The chemical bonding of the sample was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 

The zooplankton community characteristics were studied in the Nanhu Lake ecosystem of Changchun in 2001～2002. 94 Species of zooplankton were found, including 51 species of Rotifera. The seasonal changes of dominant zooplankton species were obvious. Twice peaks of zooplankton individual number were found in summer and autumn. The annual net and gross productions of zooplan kton were 704.45 kJ·m^-2and 1 642.50 kJ·m^-2， respectively. The annual gross production of zooplankton was 13.9% of annual net produ ction of phytoplankton. The P/B index of zooplankton community was 41.4（c alculated by P_n）or 96.4（calculated by P_g）. Based on the determination result of in situ experiment, the grazing abilities of zooplankton community on phytoplankton and bacteriaplankton were 2.57 kJ·m^-2·h^-1 and 1.47 μg C·L^-1·h^-1 respectively, which were 51.7% of phytoplankton net productivity and 32.9% of bacteriaplan kton net productivity in the same period. The carbon amount forming zooplankton net productivity was 8.2% of the total carbon amount fixed by phytoplankton. The zooplankton community indicates, to some extent, the feature of the Nanhu Lake as an eutrophicated lake in tem perate zone.

This paper deals with the influence of variety and convergence of Genetic Algorithm (GA) by the selection operator on the final solution. Several selection operators were introduced such as roulette selection operator which keeps population variety well, and tournament selection operator which keeps population convergence well. Based on the synergism of variety and convergence, the standard tournament selection operator is improved so as to get two new selection operators: keeping old population tournament selection operator and new tournament selection operator. After the experiment, we have come to a conclusion: If the population variety is increased, the speed of popula tion convergence will decrease; accelerating the speed of convergence will greatly destroy the variety. The former can impact the chance to find the optimal solution, and the later can enhance the speed of the genetic algorithm. In order to find a better solution, we should consider their synergism.

The Fe₅₄Pt₄₆ thin film was deposited on SiO₂〈0001〉 substrate by magnetron sputtering system, then the as\|deposited film was vacuum annealed at 650 ℃ in situ. The structure and magnetic properties of the film were investigated by means of X\|ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometer. The results indicate that phase transformation from disordered to ordered phase happened after vacuum annealing in situ. The face\|centered tetragonal L1₀-FePt thin film was obtained. Degree of chemical ordering is 0.92 and grain size is about 10 nm. The in\|plane coercivity of the film has reached 0.8 MA/m. The maximum value of coercivity was gained when the angle between magnetic filed and film surface is 50° corresponding to (111) minimum energy surface.

We mainly surveyed the approaches on operon prediction and summarized the current art of the state in bioinformatics. After presenting most datasets in operon prediction and introducing most important popular algorithms, some disadvantages were pointed out. Furthermore, some future challenges w ere discussed and some solutions were suggested which are helpful to the future researches.

48 sequences of hypervariable segment Ⅰ (HVSⅠ) in mitochondrial DNA c ontrol region from Xinjiang Xibe population were analyzed, in which, 35 haplotyp es were found by 43 polymorphic sites. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide di versity are 0.982 and 0.018, respectively, and the mean of nucleotide number dif ferences is 5.922. When the data from relevant populations published were considered, it was found that the Xibe ethnic population presented the closest genetic affinity to ancient Tuoba Xianbei population and, also showed a closer genetic affinity to the nomadic populations from northern China, suggesting that the Xibe people may be the descendants of the ancient Tuoba Xianbei.

The methods were presented for measuring and analysising laser energy density distribution. First, the spot images were detected and lo cated. Then wavefront was fitted based on Zernike polynomial. Finally, 3D-pseudocolor visualization algorithm was used for 2D-laser spot images. Experimental results indicate that the Zernike polynomial fitting realized wavefront detection and reconstruction. The method of fitting sample points selection was studied based on the least average error of laser energy intensity testing precision. The visualizationmethod reflected the relative sizes and positions of laser spot energy distribution in different areas. The testing system fully satisfied the demand of laser energy intensity measurement.

Onestep synthesis of phenol via the hydroxylation of benzene is an important synthesis route. A novel catalyst Cu₂(OH)PO₄ shows a very good catalytic activity for benzene hydyoxylation to phenol. Herein, some impact factors, such as the kind and amount of solvent, catalyst amount, reaction temperature and time have been studied in detail.

We reformulated the Ulam’s stability of quadratic functional equation in the space of tempered distributions and made use of regularization method to prove the HyersUlamRassias stability of quadratic functional equation in the space of tempered distributions, giving the degree of approximation between quadratic function and the tempered distribution which satisfies Ulam’s quadratic functional inequality.

The present paper deals with the problems of embedded workflow component in the aspects of process modeling , event driven mechanism , multiple application integration etc. A workflow model is proposed. The static model the describes the static element of the system (such as data , activity , organization ) , it is a relatively steady part in WFMS. The dynamic model describes the dynamic characteristic of the system (such as data flowing , control flowing , element relation and constraint , etc.) , it is often involved in business process optimization and reengineering. The workflow specification language is given , it formalizes the workflow model.

1-Methylhydantoin was synthesized from the reaction of methylamine, sodium monochloroacetate and sodium cyanate by “one pot” method with a total yield of 62.9%. 1Methylhydantoin was characterized by means of single crystal Xray diffraction. It crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2₁ with crystallgraphic parameters: a=0.558 9(3) nm, b=1.217 6(6) nm, c=0.809 0(4) nm；β=105.330(7)°；V=0.531 0(5) nm³；Z=4, D_c=1.427 mg/m³, μ=0.116 mm^-1, F(000)=240.

Delavirdine mesylate was synthesized with CDI acting as condensation agent from the reaction of nicotinamide, p-nitrophenylhydrazine and ethyl pyruvate. Delavirdine mesylate was obtained at a total yield of 6.6%. The structures of the target molecule and the key intermediates were confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, MS, and element analysis.

In view of the problem of major hazards identification in emergency response domain, we proposed a new identification model, Bayesian based major hazards identification model. First the model was constructed with the aid of known knowledge, then major hazards were identified according to the constructed model via probability. We applied this model to chemical production area and forest fire prevention area respectively, obtaining the results reasonable. Practice shows this way is effective.

Carboxylic acid was peroxidized in organic solvents catalyzed by lipase and glycidol was synthesized from allyl alcohol catalyzed by acid peroxide. The optimum conditions (enzyme source, enzyme concentration, acid, acid conce ntration, reaction medium and reaction temperature, et al) were screened out. Under the optimumconditions, a conversion of 67% was achieved.

First\|principle  calculation  based on density functional theory was employed to investigate the effects of Co\|doping in monoclinic LiMnO₂. It was found that Co\|doping shortened the distances between the anions and the cations effectively, suppressed the Jahn\|Teller distortion markedly and decreased the insulating band gap greatly, which respectively  enhanced the structural stability of monoclinic LiMnO₂, increased the intercalation voltage, improved the stability during electrochemical cycles, and increased the electrical conductivity. The calculated results also revealed that the Co ion in the doped system was in non\|spin state with an electron configuration of t⁶_2ge⁰_g and a valence of +3, and the Mn ion was in high\|spin state with an electron configuration of t³_2ge¹_g and also a valence of +3, nevertheless there were strong covalent interactions between the transition\|metal ions and the oxygen ions. The doped material is not an ideal ionic crystal.

Naive Bayesian classifier was discussed. Naive Bayesian approach was used in image classification. The new method improves the accuracy of image recognition. An image classification method based on naive Bayesian classifier was introduced. After distinguishing the visible compositions, feature extraction and feature selection were processed. In the end, naive Bayesian classifier was used in classifying of object entities. Experiment result shows that the new method is suitable for image classification.

Freezing-vacuum adsorption was employed in the immobilization of enzyme in mesoporous material SBA-15. The results indicate that this method can guarantee a large amount of loading about 450 mg/g support, which is incomparable for other means. As long as vacuum degree is properly controlled, the enzymatic activity can be retained. This method provides a new solution for the immobilization of enzyme.

An addtive operator splitting (AOS) method is employed in the nonlinear total variation model (ROF model) for image denoising. The numerical discretization scheme is semiimplicit and unconditional stable. It overcomes the time step size restriction for explicit scheme. The method can easily be parallelized and one can gain an accelerated convergence. The experiments show that it is extremely promising compared to the explicit scheme.

With pT7 as a vector, ΔSHP-1, a recombinant protein containing the catalytic domain of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, was highl y expressed in E.coli cells. The enzyme was further purified to near homogeneity. With the purified recombinant enzyme as a target, aqueous extracts of 157 traditional Chinese herb medicines were analyzed for their abilities to inhibit SHP-1. Two most potent inhibitors, namely, cornel and dandelion, were identified, and their IC₅₀ values and inhibitory types were further analyzed. This study thus established a good system to screen inhibitors of SHP-1 and demonstrated the potential of traditional Chinese medicines in treatment of immunological diseases and diabetes.

Based on ontology theory, this paper addresses a novel workflow model that can accommodate the change of personnel and operation. To achieve the object of adapting to change more powerfully, the model adopts the method of extending the definition of conceptions and relationships inside the submodel as well as betweenthe submodels. To address the result of reducing the negative impact on the model relationships and structure, the model makes the organization, the roles and the personnel separately at different levels in the organization model. And the authority assignation model adopts the authority assignation based on task. Consequently, it also addresses the result that the change of task will not affect the organization model and will avoid the change of the complicated relationships. Especially, it makes the conception represented by ontology. Therefore, this paper produces the conclusion that the model has covered the defect of unshared feature in traditional models, at the same time, it is more secure and flexible.

Most traditional intrusion detection systems adopt the analysis engine of the concentrating type, so it is already difficult for them to meet the extensive security demand of the distributed network environment. An autonomousagentbased adaptive distributed intrusion detection system was proposed to solve these problems. A honeypotbased distributed intrusion detection system was proposed to solve the higher rate of false negatives in most models. Moreover a detail description was given to the architecture and work mechanism of the model, and the character of the model was analyzed.

An exponent barrier penalty function and a primaldual interior point method were applied to solving nonlinear programming problems. Furthermore, a global convergence theory was established via the framework of line search methods.

In this paper, 5，10，15，20-tetra(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrin(TCP P) was synthesized first, then a kind of new star-shaped polymer was synthesized successfully with TCPP as the core and poly(butyl acrylate)(P BA) obtained by atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP) as the arms. The char acteristic ultraviolet absorption peak shows the difference between Soret band a nd Q bands of TCPP and the new star-shaped polymer and it can also be conclu ded that the molecular weight and polydispersity of the star-shaped polymer were controlled perfectly from the GPC spectrum.

The line resistance is the key factor for precise measurement in the dual high precision programmable voltage supply （DVS）. The two sets of data were got by measurement under the condition of two different line resistances. The validating with statistics of the two sets of data was done, and the result of the DVS output voltage, which is independent of line resistance, was proved. It means the DVS circuit omits the affection of line resistance. The statistics method is valued for testing the physical parameters in system. 

The upconversion nanocrystals NaYF₄∶Er³⁺,Yb³⁺ were prepared by solgel method. The intense upconversion emission was observed from the nanocrystals under excitation at 980 nm. Xray diffraction analysis suggests that the nanocrystals were cubic. The nanocrystals were found to be welldispersed spherical particles with an average diameter of 70 nm by transmission electron microscopy. The nanocrystals are favorable for the highly sensitive label used in biological detection. The upconversion fluorescence spectrum was recorded on a fluorescence spectrometer. Upconversion mechanism was explored.

Polysubstituted 2-aminothiophenes were onepot-synthesized from β-oxo amides with 1-isothiocyanatobenzeneand ethyl 2-bro moacetate in the presence of K_{2CO3 in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in very high yield. The products were characterized by means of NMR, IR and elemental analysis. Moreover, a mechanism for the reaction was proposed.}

The occluded spinneret hole and the diameter of spinneret were detected by means of computer image processing. Meanwhile, an algorithm was introduced to detect the spinneret hole image which was collected by a CCD camera, including image collection, square Gray-scale transformation, edge detection based on Sobel algorithm, binarization based on distance -preserving method, an edge thinning algorithm with Sobel operator. On the basis of geometrical characteristics of the circle, we judged  if spinneret holes had been occluded, and determined clogging area proportion via  the pixel of the spinneret hole image and solved the diameter of the hole that had not been occluded. The application  indicates that this algorithm is reasonable, efficient and accurate.

High\|spin states in ¹⁶⁸Lu have been studied via the ¹⁵⁴Sm(¹⁹F,5n)¹⁶⁸Lu reaction at a beam energy of 94 MeV. In addition to the previously known bands in ¹⁶⁸Lu, a new band was observed and assigned to the  π7/2⁺［404］υ5/2^-［523］ ground\|state configuration. Transitions through which the  π7/2⁺［404］υ5/2⁺［642］ and  π9/2^-［514］υ5/2⁺［642］ bands decay down to lower states were established, and on this basis, spin assignments for the two bands were proposed. 

Using finite element analysis, the authors studied the relative error of the van der Pauw method for resistivity measurement in diamond anvil cell (DAC). It was found that the electrode contact area is a key factor affecting the accuracy of the van der Pauw method for resistivity measurement. Always the relative error increases with the increase of contact area, and this is especially obvious for semiconductor samples. But whether the electrodes have point contacts or not, the van der Pauw method would provide accurate result so long as the ratio of sample thickness to its diameter is less than 0.45, and the ratio of the side length of electrode contact area to sample diameter is less than 0.1.

Multi parallel ant colony optimization algorithms based on chip multiprocessor (CMP) proposed in this paper include parallel MAXMIN ant system, parallel ant colony system and diffrent mixture strategies of both the systems. Each core of the CMP simulates a subant colony and the whole ant system shares one pheromone matrix. The implementation was obtained by the multi
threads with real time priority. The influence of the strategies was examined by several traveling salesman problem benchmarks from TSPLIB. Experiments show that parallel ACOs based on CMP have nearly linear speedup by the number of cores and the mixture of MAXMIN ant system and ant colony system has the advantage in the stability of solutions.

Nanocrystalline LaFeO₃ films were synthesized via the sol-gel technique on silicon substrate. XPS spectra were taken after the nanocrystalline LaFeO₃ films were treated in ethanol and nitrogen dioxide gases respectively. XPS analysis showed that when ethanol was adsorbed by LaFeO₃ film, the surface adsorption of oxygen obviously decreased, Fe content decreased a little bit as well; on the other hand, when NO₂ was adsorbed on its surface, the surface adsorbed oxygen increased apparently and Fe content increased as well; in the mean time, the transition trend from Fe³⁺to Fe⁴⁺ was found. All the observations above show that the mechanism of the gas sensitivity of nanocrystalline LaFeO₃ films is closely related with the surface adsorption of oxygen and the changeable valance of iron. 

 The mechanochemical reaction between C₃N₃Cl₃ and Li₃N with acetone as the additive medium was carried out via high\|energy ball milling. Carbon nitride was obtained by baking the acquisition in a tube furnace in vacuo. XRD reveals the transformation of crystalline structure and it also shows that the product was transformed to graphitic carbon nitride after being milled for 80 hours at 200 r/min and baked at 573 K for 2 h. FTIR spectrum implies the existence of C—N and C=N bonds. XPS analysis also reveals the existence of sp² CN bonds in the final product. TEM investigation shows that the product mainly consisted of particles with their diameters ranging from 200 to 300 nm.

Insitu conductivity measurement of AgI under high pressure and ambient temperature was carried out via fabricated microcircuit on diamond anvil cell (DAC). It was observed that conductivity changed with the increasing pressure. The temperature and pressure dependences of conductivity in rsAgI were studied under several pressures at temperatures from 293 K to 443 K. The experimental data show the plot of ln(σT) versus 10³T^-1 is approximately linear. The ionic carries concentration and activation energy for defect transport were calculated. And also, we investigated the temperature and pressure dependences of conductivity in KOHtype AgI and obtained the relation between energy gap and pressure.

The authors discussed the optimal control for age-dependent predatorprey-population dynamics with diffusion, proved the existence of the optimal control by Mazur’s theorem and gave the optimal condition.

The periodic solutions for second order differential equations were investigated by means of  the Schauder’s fixed point theorem. The existence and uniqueness of periodic solutions are established when the function f(t,x,x′) is continuously differentiable. Furthermore, under the condition that the right\|handfunction is only continuous, we have established the sufficient conditions for  the existence of periodic solutions.

This paper deals with the ethanolalkali extraction method of astragalus polysaccharides, by which the effects of five extraction factors including pH of extraction solvent, the ratio of material to extraction solvent,extraction time, extraction temperature and ethanol concentration of extraction solvent on the rate of extraction were studied. The extraction rate of astragalus poly saccharides extracted by ethanolalkali extraction method was compared with those of water extraction method and alkaliextraction method and the content of astragaluspolysaccharides extracted by ethanolalkali extraction method was detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and infrared spectrometry. The results show that the extraction rate of ethanolalkali extraction method is 19.15%, 3.53 times that of water extraction method and 2.63 times that of alkali extraction method, the residue of the efficiency components of ethanolalkali extraction method is less than those of the other methods.

A novel fuzzy clustering algorithm which uses the merits of the global optimizing and higher convergent speed of Particle Swarm Opt imization(PSO) algorithm and combines with Fuzzy C-means(FCM) is proposed. The iteration process is replaced by the PSO based on the gradient descent of FCM, which makes the algorithm have a strong global searching capacity and avoids the local minimum problems of FCM. At the same time, FCM is no longer a large degree dependent on the initialization values. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm is more accurate and efficient than FCM.

On the basis of static and dynamic features of social network, we studied community mining problemin social network. We introduced the concept of limbic Ξ coefficient and closed threshold value etc., and Dets tructure algorithm for static social network. Focusing on the dynamic nature of social n etwork, weproposedthe amalgamation mining algorithm based on the attenuation strategy. Both the algorithms have made good results in application.

In most of the automatic test paper generation system, the constraint conditions are not perfect, and the results are not ideal. In view of this situation, we put up a new method called genetic algorithm with local search; it can solve the problem of constraint conditions which are not perfect, and can achieve the better results, after the teacher’s certification, it proves to be applied to the actual teaching. The algorithm uses the subsection encoding based on the type of questions. Three genetic operators adopt the following strategy: the subsection crossover strategy according to the type of the questions, which can ensure the capability of global search and the total number of selected questions in each type are not changed after this operation, the mutation strategy based on the tabu table local search, which can ensure the random and correlative search on the item pool, and improve the search ability of this algorithm, and the μ+λ strategy which is always used in combinatorial optimization evolutionary algorithm to enhance local search of this algorithm. The results show that in the same number of iterations, the optimal solution which can be found in the new algorithm is obviously better than that of tradition algorithm.

Simultaneous determination of malathion and atrazine by HPLC was carried out under the following laboratory conditions: the optimum detecting wave length 220 nm, and mobile phase V(CH3OH)∶V(H2O)=7∶3, which could reach better separating result. The linearity ranges for malathion and atrazine were 0.003 66~1.83 μmol/Land 0.121~60.3 μmol/L, respectively, the linearity correlation coefficients for malathion and atrazine were both more than 0.999 4. The detection limits for the two pesticides were 0.003 66 μmol/L and 0.121 μmol/L, respectively. The RSDs of the method for determining malathion and atrazine were lower than 10%.

Mn doped nanocrystalline ZnO was synthesized at different temperatures by means of self\|assembly growth method. The structure, morphology and optic properties were characterized by  X\|ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X\|ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The results show that ZnMnO was in the shell of ZnMnlowO/ZnMnhighO structure. A large number of Mn on the surface played a role in surface passivation at 250 ℃ and 300 ℃. 

The effects of treating solution concentration on the microstructure, growth rate, and microhardness of Al-alloy MAO coatings, which were prepared in individual Na₂SiO₃, NaAlO₂, and (NaPO₃)₆ solutions, were studied, respectively. The experimental results show that (1) the coating consists of the superficial porous layer and the interior compact layer, the coating microstructure is closely related to the treating solution category while the effect of the treating solution concentration on it is unobvious; and (2) the coating growth rate and microhardness increase gradually with the increased treating solution concentration when the concentration is less than 8 g/L, but both the growth rate and the microhardness are fluctuating with the increased solution concentration when the concentration is more than 8 g/L. This phenomenon accords with Albella’s discharge model of impurity center.

By high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) method, the study on introducing Si into diamond synthesis was carried out. Experimental results indicate that owing to the introduction of Si, the color of diamonds from Fe-Si-C system appears to be shallower than that from Fe-C system. And within the same synthetic time, the crystal size of diamonds from Fe-Si-C system is smaller than that from Fe-C system. From X-ray data, we can find that there are two kinds of new compounds, FeSi and Fe₃C, in the Fe-Si-C system.

An investigation on the structural stabilities and electronic properties of HgSe under high pressure was conducted via first\|principles calculations based on density functional theory. Our results demonstrate that the sequence of the pressure\|induced phase transition of HgSe is from the zinicblende structure (HgSe-Ⅰ) to the cinnabar structure (HgSe-Ⅱ) to the rocksalt structure (HgSe-Ⅲ), and then to orthorhombic structure (HgSe-Ⅳ). The phase transition pressures are 1.1, 15.1 and 40.1 GPa. The calculated results of optical properties show the positions of excited peaks. 

We introduced the theory of Brillouin scattering in brief and presented its extensive utilization, described the spectrograph for Brillouin scattering and its development; we narrated the development of Brillouin scattering experimental system, especially that of Brillouin scattering experimental system under the high temperature and high pressure conditions, some important results of other researchers were presented and compared; the establishment of the first national high-temperature and high-pressure Brillouin scattering system was covered, its accuracy and superiority were discussed, and the elastic properties of materials were studied. 

In this paper we establish the existence of single and multiple positi ve solutions to the periodic boundary value problems of second order singular n onlinear differential equations by means of positivity of Green’s function and the Krasnosel’skii fixed point theorem in c ones. The problem has at least one positive solution when nonlinear term f i s singular and sublinear, and the problem has at least two positive solution s when f is singular and superlinear. The paper generalizes and improves the results in the literature.

Integrating high level semantic knowledge in speech recognition has been a hot topic in the field. Latent semantic analysis (LSA) technology can model long span correlation of words in the language efficiently. How to utilize LSA in language modeling and guide searching procedure more accurately is an urgent task. We analyzed major problems on the modeling and decoding procedure of LSA language model, realized modeling of LSA language model, and proposed a method to use LSA language model in the first-pass decoding of continuous speech recognition system. Experimental result shows that the proposed method can improve the performance of large vocabulary continuous speech recognition of Chinese language significantly.

The interaction mechanism of metacycline (METC) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied via fluorescence spectrometry and UV visible absorption spectrometry. The effects of temperature, pH, metal ions on the interaction of METC and BSA were studied. The results indicate that the mechanism of the i nteraction of METC with BSA belongs to static quenching. The major force of binding is static gravitation. Also, the distance of METC BSA was calculated via the Frster theory of nonradiation energy transfer. The mechanisms of interactions of metal complexes with BSA also belong to static quenching. The binding constants are different from the constant of the interaction between METC and BSA at room temperature, and the relevant binding sites are changed. It shows that the metal ions affect the structure and hydrophobicity of METC.

This paper describes the implementation of data aware scheduling and data management on Gfarm by using LSF scheduler plugin mechanism. The new plugin module is easy to realize and flexible to be added new features. Moreover, it can co-work with other scheduling polices in the system.

To enhance the computing speed of high dimensional integral, an alternative Monte Carlo sampling algorithm is proposed in this paper.Firstly, the integral region is partitioned into net form. Secondly, grid points are sampled by using discrete Gibbs sampling method whose weighted functions are values of corresponding density function. Lastly, a new sampling sequence will be obtained by adding an uniform variable sequence to the original sequence correspondingly, and an estimation of the integral is given. The new sampling algorithm is as simple as the traditional numerical method. Simulating output showed that the new algorithm performs very well in computing speed.

Ficin and papain are both cysteine proteinase. Comparison of the primer structures suggests the similarities between the active site portions of papain and ficin. In the present study the properties of ficin were analyzed to further know about the enzyme and to extend the comparison of it with papain. Being different from papain, ficin displays a resistance to lower temperatures, a wider range of pH values, and better binding of substrate. The result suggests that ficin is suitable for application.

In order to investigate the genetic structure of Dongzhouperiod ancient population in Helingeer in Inner Mongolia and relationships between the ancient population and related extant populations as well as to trace the possible origin at a molecular level, mtDNA hypervariable region Ⅰ (HVR Ⅰ) of 10 ancient individuals was amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis were also performed based on the mtDNA data of the ancient population and the related Eurasian populations.The results show that the ancient population is closer to the populations from Northern Asian than the other compared populations in matrilineal lineage. Combining the research results of archaeology and anthropology as well as molecular biology, we can conclude that they are nomad who migrated from Mongolian altiplano and cisBaikal area to Helingeer in Inner Mongolia.

Dutasteride, a new kind of antibenign prostatic hyperplasia drug, 17-β-N(2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)) phenylcarbamoyl-4-aza-5-α-androst-1-en-3-one, was synthesized by employing amidation and DDQ/BSTFA oxidation as a pivotal step from the starting material 3-oxo-4-androstene-17-β-carboxylic acid. The total yield of dutasteride synthesi zed was 23%. The structures of the target molecule and the key intermediates were confirmed by IR,¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and MS. The route does not require high pressure and high temperature that may be applied to industrial production.

his paper firstly proposes a uncertain traveling salesman problem (TSP) model. This model assumes that the distance between two vertices is dynamic. With the view of application, this model considers the uncertain situations in the traffic system. Compared to the classical TSP problem, this mo del is more flexible and also has more application value. This mode is more properly for vehicle to choose the best route. This paper also proposes a hybrid app roach which is based on the ant system to solve the problem of uncertain TSP, namely, a 3-opt method is used to do the local optimization. Experiment results show that this approach can accelerate the convergence.

We investigated the existence of positive periodic solution to predatorprey impulsive differential system with Holling Ⅲ functional response. A set of verifiable sufficient conditions of positive periodic solution for the system are obtained by means of continuity theorem in co incidence degree. The paper generalizes and improves the results in the literature.

The analytical solution of the meanvariance model under transaction costs is deduced by means of dynamic programming. The results are very important for the investors in the trade and the analytical solution in this paper makes the investment easier.

The existence of BV  solutions was discussed for a quasilinear hyperbolic equation with presure terms. We firstly considered its regularized problem. With the aid of a series of critical analysis and by a limit process, we obtained the existence and the uniform BV estimates of solutions for the regularized problem.  The existence of BV solutions for the original problem was also obtained.

Aiming at the efficiency of knowledge fusion, the authors extended the structure of conventionaltopicmaps. This new structure embodied the multilevel, multi-granularity and inherent relevant characteristics of knowledge. A new distributed knowledge fusion architecture based on extended topic maps was built up, and a novel algorithm of the similarity of topic maps based on comprehensive information was proposed by integrating syntactic similarity, semantic similarity and pragmatic similarity. It gave full consideration to the meaning and context of the compared elements so as to improve the accuracy of the similarity algorithm. The fusion rules and algorithm for extended topic maps were presented, implementing the effective knowledge fusion in distributed environment.

A class of the CahnHilliard equations with nonconstant mobility was studied. With the aid of Nirenberg’sinequality, some priori estimates are presented in the case of the mobility is m(x,t). Then the existence and uniqueness of the weak solutions are given by means of LeraySchauder fixed point theorem.

We studied ancient individuals buried in the Yinniugou cemetery of Inner Mongolia by molecular biological methods. We obtained five sequences of the hypervariable region Ⅰ (HVS-Ⅰ) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and primarily assigned the sequences into haplogroups A,B,D,C or Z, respectively. A phylogenetic tree and a two-dimensional MDS plot were constructed based on pairwise F_ST values (calculated from mtDNA HVS-Ⅰ sequence data) between the Yinniugou population and 16 relative modern populations. The results show the affinity of the ancient population with eastern Asian populations in matrilineal lineage.

This paper summarizes the principals and statistical elements of phylogenetic analysis. This article also illustrates how the various phylogenetic analysis methods are applied in the research of ancient DNA，and evaluates their advantages and disadvantages in actual data analysis.Moreover，the limitations of phylogenetic analyses are discussed，as well as its developmental tendency.

A novel filtering algorithm called adaptive directional weighted median (ADWM) filtering is proposed. The ideas of the directional filt ering and the weighted median filtering are combined with each other to construc t the ADWM filter model, which is a highly nonlinear image smoothing and enhance ment technique. The use of the variance of the moving window and the base varian ce supports the adaptivity of the ADWM filter. The ADWM filter has the features of directional filter, which is especially effective at preserving edges, and th e features of center weighted median (CWM) filter, which can reduce random noise , and moderate amounts of impulsive noise also, to some extent, as well as p reserve the details via adaptively determining the weight of the center pixe l according to the lowest variance of pixels within all the sub-windows.

The infrared spectra of p-benzoquinone were measured in 13 solvents. The rule of Fermi resonance was validated by Bertvan changing solvent method. The Fermi resonance mechanism studied by changing solvent method was explained by means of KBM equation and electron donor-receptor model. The relationship between Fermi resonance intensity ratio (R) and the solvent dielectric constant (ε) was given.

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were synthesized in high yield by means of DC arc dischargewith Er/Ni as catalyst. The yielded products, including web-like SWNTs samples and cathode deposit, were characterized with SEM, TEM, Raman spectro scopy and X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that the diameter distribution of the synthesized SWNTs with Er/Ni as catalyst is in a range of 1.35 to 1.65 nmand the nanotube with a diameter of 1.5nm is dominant in the samples, which is similar to that of the diameter distribution of SWNTs synthesized with Y/Ni and Ho/Ni as catalysts. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the cathode deposit indicates that the Er-carbide has formed in the cathode deposit and it is a very important factor for the high-yield synthesis of SWNTs.

A new chaotic video encryption algorithm presented in the paper makes full use of chaotic function to generate encryption series. According to the principle and characteristics of the video compression standardH.264, first, space replacement and numerical diffusion are conducted to the coeffi cients of block matrices after discrete cosine transform quantization, and then in order to solve the problem of encryption in video data transmission, the binary sequences after entropy coding are encrypted further. The chaotic video encryption algorithm is implemented via the H.264 reference software: JM12.4. Experimental results and analysis show this algorithm exhibits encryption effect.

This paper deals with a class of singular perturbation nonlinear boundary value problems arising from general Riemann problem.The existence，unique and the form of the solution of the problem by means of transforming the problem into a two-point boundary value problem and its solution.

Robustness of generalized least square estimator in terms of error distributions in general linear model was discussed. We explored the maximal class of distributions of error term, in which the GLSE possesses robustness, that is, the GLSE is the best linear estimator under the criterion of minimizing the generalized MSE matrix with the error distribution varying within the maximal class.

Based on the principle of virtual instrument, a virtual spectrum analyzer was constructed via the software platform of LabVIEW. The instrument can implement the analysis of timedomain and frequencydomain process the complex signal via adding windows and filtration, getting the parameter, such as frequency, frequency response with the display of digital, the plot of figure, the save and examine of data etc, which makes high cost lower, long development circle shorter, and manual record replaced.

The present paper deals with oscillatory properties of solutions for a class of nonlinear impulsive neutral delay parabolic partial differential equations and some new sufficient criteria for oscillation of the equations are obtained under Robin and Dirichlet boundary value conditions via impulsive neutral differential inequalities of first order. The results of this paper improve some known ones and fully reflect the influences of impulsive and delay in oscillation.

We considered an initial value problem of elliptic equation. This problem is severely illposed, so we must use regularization in the solving process. When the spectrum of the operator consided here satisfied some proper conditions, we made use of a specific form of spectrum decomposition to decompose the solution, and introduced a regularization method in a specifical subspace. We used this method to develop a numerical computation for an initial value problem of Laplace equation. The numerical experiments demonstrate that this method is efficient.

The Moore-Penrose inverses of matrices over a ring R with an involution * and unitary are discussed. Some necessary and sufficie nt conditions for the existence of the Moore-Penrose inverse of matrices over a ring R are given. In particular, it is obtained that a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of the Moore-Penrose inverse of a matrix A over a ring R is that A=GDH, where D²=D=D^*, (GD)^{*GD+I-D and DH(DH)*+I-D are invertible.}

The existence of global solutions of the modified cellular Potts model(CPM) was investigated via the Moser’s iteration. We can use the modified cellular Potts model to describe the relationship between the cell and the cell secretion the effect of it on chemotaxis. We can also use the new model to consider the impact of  cell nutrients on chemotaxis.

To confirm the optimal harvesting time, the dynamic changes of alkaloids and polysaccharides in mass fraction in Dendrobium nobile Lindl were determined in March, September, October, November, and December and high mass fraction of polysaccharides were determined in October and November. The most appropriate harvest time is from October to November.

The structure and magnetic properties of Co_80+xZr_20-x （x=0,1,2,3,4） alloys and the melt-ribbons were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and magnetic measurements. It was found that all the samples exhibited high-saturation magnetization. With increasing annealing temperature, the saturation magnetization values of all the samples increased largely in the experiment. The maximum value of saturation magnetization of melt-spun Co₈₁Zr₁₉ ribbons was 128 (A·m2)/kg, is obtained having been annealed at 750 ℃ for 2 h. For the melt-spun Co₈₂Zr₁₉ ribbons prepared at a velocity of 25 m/s, the maximum coercivity of 60 kA/m has been achieved. Owing to the high content of Co₅Zr phase in the ribbons, it can be approximately deduced that the hard magnetic properties are attributed to the existence of Co5Zr phase in the Co-Zr alloys. The coercivity mechanism of the samples is mainly determined by the nucleation of reversed domain.

The authors investigated the weak viability property of backward stochastic differential equations(shortened by BSWVP). By means of sto chastic Lyapunov’s method and Chebychev’s inequality, the authors give a sufficient condition for BSWVP holds on a nonempty closed set. As application, the authors obtaineda decision condition for the weak viability for the viscosity solution of quasilinear parabolic partial differential equations in a closed set.

A support vector regression optimized by genetic algorithm model was developed for grid host load prediction. Genetic algorithm and cross validation technology were applied to solve parameter optimization of support vector regression. Simulation experiments were performed on benchmark data set. Experimental results indicate that the proposed model exhibits better performance than support vector regression model with parameters selected by trialanderror method and the backpropagation neural network.

Abstract: A thermophilic strain CW₂ was isolated and purified from the soil around a hot spring in Chang-bai mountains. The cells of isolate CW ₂ stain Gram positively, the morphology of the cells of isolate was c hanged from rod to round in the process of growth, the cells in the initial phase of logarithmic growth were longrod, majority of cells singly existed, minority of cells were geminated or formed a long discontinuous chain, until to invariable phage of growth, the c ells changed to globe. Strain CW₂ formed spore, had capsule, flagella, motility, no parasporal crystal, V.P. test was negative, could catabolism starch, could not catabolism fibrin, aerobic, but could grow without oxygen, grow at and between 30～60 ℃(opt. 55 ℃), grow at and between pH 5~11(opt. pH 7.5). The neonatal colonies were milk-white and round and the margin is regular, growing along with the strain CW₂, the colonies randomly developed to three shapes, finally formed irregular round colonies, flowery colonies or radiate compressed colonies.

The present paper studied the blow-up and boundedness of solutions at finite time for evolution p-Laplace equations with nonl inea r boundary conditions. The authors firstly proved a comparison principle in one dimension case and then found some conditions under which the solutions may bl ow-up at finite time. The authors also gave some conditions under which the sol utions will be bounded at any finite time. Similar results to the radial solutio ns of the equation in higher dimension case are also mentioned. In the last sect ion, a special example is presented to show that the theorems are applicable.

FTY-720, a new kind of immunosuppressant, 2-amino2-［2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl-1,3-propanediol hydrochloride was synthesized via Friedelcrafts acylation, reduction, acylation, alkylation and Et₃SiH/ TiCl₄ reduction as a pivotal step from the starting material benzene or Friedel crafts acylation, alkylation, Et₃SiH/ TiCl₄ reduction and reduction as a pivotal step from the starting material phenethyl alcohol respectively and the total yield of the FTY-720 was 17% or 21% respectively. The structure of the target molecule and the key intermediates were confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and MS in our experiments. The route is simpler, more efficientand convenient that may be applied to industrial production.

We proposed an improved parallel immune genetic algorithm. The introduced island concept on the population size can make the sizes of populations variable; The immune operator introduced in the fitness functioncan avoid the algorithm premature convergence. Hence, this method can prevent local convergence in the optimal algorithm in a great extent, and make the probability of approaching the global convergence bigger. The algorithm was used via the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle gene expression profile from SGD to coexpress clusters. Compared to the experiment analyzed by Spellman for functional genomics, the efficiencyof this algorithm in the functional genomics can be proved.

In the present paper the authors introduce an ant algorithm , a distributed algorithm for the solution of combinatorial optimization problems which has been inspired by the observation of real colonies of ants. Then the authors apply a hybrid approach of ant algorithm with 3-opt and cross-removing to the traveling salesman problem (TSP). The results show that it is able to find good solutions quickly.

This paper introduces a new approach of improvedCanny operator for edge detection. The filter operator constructed with the first order partial derivative of twodimensional Gaussian function is employed to compute gradient. Then the edge was located via the edge detection and localization method with four threshold values. And finally, edge thin operation was conducted by introducing a morphological operator. The improved algorithm can enhance the capability of suppressing noise, delete false edges and obtain exact edges. Experimental results indicate the feasibility and validity of the improved algorithm.

Zealite 4A was synthesized by a onestep alkalidissolved hydrothermal method with bentonite as raw material. The effects of n_Na2O∶n_SiO2, n_H2O∶n_{Na2O, nSiO2∶nAl2O3, synthesis time and temperature on the properties of the products were investigated by means of XRD, SEM and calciu m ion exchange capacity. The optimum conditions for synthesizing zeolite 4A are nNa2O∶nSiO2=2, nH2O∶nNa2O=60和nSiO2∶nAl2O3=1.5, a crystallization temperature of 90 ℃ and a reaction time of 6 h. Under the optimal conditions, zeolite 4A with a high degree of crystallinity, a small granularity of particles (most of the particle size of zeolite 4A was less than 2 μm) and a high calcium ion(CaCO3)exchange capacity (293 mg/g) was obtained.}

This paper presents a dual neural network which is globally exponential convergence for solving quadratic programming problems based on linear equation, inequation and bounded constraint. Compared with other neural network models which contained highorder nonlinear condition, the dual neural network uses less neuron and has simpler structure. Finally, numerical tests show the validity of the model.

In trying to solve constrained optimization problems by particle swarm optimization, the way to handle the constrained conditions is th e key factor for success. Some features of particle swarm optimization and a lar ge number of constrained optimization problems are taken into account and then a new method is proposed, which means to separate the objective functions from it s constrained functions. Therefore, every particle of particle swarm optimiz ation has double fitness values whether the particle is better or not will be de cided by its two fitness values. The strategy to keep a fixed proportion of infe asible individuals is used in this new method. Numerical results show that t he improved PSO is feasible and can get more precise results than particle swarm optimization by using penalty functions and genetic algorithm and other optimiz ation algorithms.

Copper tetra-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenoxy) phthalocyanine was prepared and characterized by MS and elemental analysis. Its photoluminescence (PL) spectra show a peak centered at about 1 180 nm, which indicates that it can be used as a nearinfrared functional material. Electrochemistry shows the redox of this complex is oneelectron processes which include two ringbased reductions and one ringbased oxidation. The identities of these electrode processes were further revealed by performing spectroelectrochemical experiments.

A network educational resources management system was introduced. Various techniques are used in the system, such as finding personal i nformation for different users based on data mining, intelligent search engine of web, integrating heterogeneous data resources, automatically extending resources, actively ordering and delivering resources, judging resources based on workflow, etc. The system provides individual environments for different users, can organize and manage various educational resources on the internet reasonably, find users’ needs automically, actively deliver resources needed to the users, meets the needs of different types and levels of users. It is an assistant teaching system for teachers and an assistant learning system for students.

Vehicle routing problem with time windows in the third party enterprise’s logistics and distribution was solved by means of genetic algorithm. An optimization distribution model is so constructed that logistics and distribution plan is converted into solving some concrete vehicle routing problems.

A fast chopper was used to set up a simple mechanical Q\|switched CO2 laser with longitudinal DC discharge. The laser pulse with peak power 1~2 kW, repetition rate to 740 Hz, pulse width 200~300 ns, was realized. The dynamical process of Q\|switching for the simple mechanical Q\|switched CO2 laser was simulated by a six\|temperature model. The effects of the dynamical parameters such as the dissociation of CO2 molecules, the electron density in the cavity (the discharge current) on the output laser intensity were reported. Q\|switched output pulse shape, pulse peak power and pulse width were calculated. The theoretical analysis is well consistent with the experimental result. 

Crystal structure, magnetism, electronic structure, response to pressure and soft tetragonal distortions of stoichiometric composition Ni₂MnAl were calculated by means of first\|principles method the projected augmented wave （PAW） function based on  the density functional theory. The calculations show the contribution of the spin magnetic moments of Mn atom to the total moments is the largest for Ni₂MnAl. The low energy part of the total DOS is  decided by Al\|s-projected DOS, however, the high energy part of the total DOS is  decided  by Ni\|d-projected DOS and Mn-d-projected DOS and Al-p-projected DOS for Ni₂MnAl. The strong bonding exists between the Ni atom and the Mn atom, the spin correlation hybridization exists between the p state of Al and the d state of Mn. The entire energy surface for 0.95＜c/a＜1.10 is remarkably flat in tetragonal distortions for Ni2MnAl. 

We study a warm standby system with two 3state units by theory of Markov renewal processes and technique of regeneration points, established linear equations of semiMarkovian kernel, obtained MTTFF and steady state availability of the system.

The adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of heptene on TiO₂/SiO₂ photocatalyst under the irradiation of UV light were investigated carefully in the presence of NO₂. By means of GC-MS and FT-IR， we respectively determined the intermediate products of the three different reaction systems, and accordingly deduced the possible reaction mechanisms. The experiment data indicate that M_max (the maximum adsorption amount of TiO₂/SiO₂ for heptene) is 3.10 mg, and is increased to 3.80 mg in the presence of NO₂（44.64 μmol/L）. In the photocatalytic degradation of heptene, addition of a large amount of NO₂ (NO₂≥89.28 μmol/L) can accelerate the photodegradation reaction rate of heptene, but its mineralization degree with the addition of NO₂ is lower than that without the addition of NO₂.

Positive solutions of quasilinear elliptic equations with degeneracy and singularity for a class of p-Laplace problems are discussed. For one dimension, the conditions of boundless solutions are given. And for multi-dimension the conditions of the problems with sufficiently regular and star-shaped domain are also given, which have no solutions in Sobolev space. The techniques including functional transformation were used to overcome the difficulties coming from the degeneracy and singularity of the problems. A further complementarity of the equations for p≠2 is given, too.

In the theoretical framework of the relativistic mean field, the influences of π^- meson condensate on the equation of state and the particle fractions of neutron star matter including delta isobars are studied. The numerical analysis shows that the existence of π^- meson condensate has an obvious influence on the particle fractions of neutron star matter. It makes the appearance of Δ^-’s postponed and the appearance of Δ⁺’s advanced. π^- meson condensate influences weakly the equation of state of neutron star matter and it can soften the equation of state slightly. However, the tendency to make the equation of state soften is of importance.

An abstract machine (SAM) for a simple object oriented language SOOL is formally defined, a visual system VisualOO is developed for the visual implementation of SAM. The system VisualOO can translate source programs of SOOL into formal internal representation of SAM, and dynamically display the execution of those SOOL programs. The abstract machine presented in this paper as well as the visual system VisualOO can be integrated into the course of formal semantics to help understand and grasp object oriented programming langu ages and their formal semantics better.

Hyperbranched poly（ether ether ketone）were prepared by polymerization of hydroquinone（A₂）and 1，3，5-tris[4-（4-fluorobenzoyl）phenoxy]benzene（B₃）.The gelatin formation of hyperbranched poly（ether ether ketone）was effectively avoided.Hydroxyl-terminated （HPEEK-OH）and fluoro-terminated （HPEEK-F）hyperbranched poly（ether ether ketone）were prepared from the mixture of hydroquinone （A₂）and 1，3，5-tris-[4-（4-fluorobenzoyl）phenoxy]benzene （B₃）with different A₂/B₃mass ratios.The structure of B₃ monomer was confirmed by mean of MS，¹H NMR，IR.The glass transition temperatures of HPEEK-F and HPEEK-OH are 114℃ and 162℃ respectively.Thermal stability of HPEEK-F is higher than that of HPEEK-OH．

In grids, the heterogeneous computing resources are distributed across the world. Hence, scheduling is one of the most important issues in the research of grid computing. WSRF is initiated by Globus Alliance for modeling and accessing stateful resources with Web services. This paper introduces CSF4, a metascheduler developed by us based on WSRF. CSF4 can coordinate local and remote heterogeneous resources via GRAM protocol. CSF4 is one of the first WSRF metaschedulers in the world and released as an execution component of Globus Toolkit 4.

Nanocrystalline γ′-（Fe_1-xNi_x)₄N  thin films with different Ni mass fractions  were synthesized on single crystal Si (100) substrate by facing target magnetron sputtering. The Fe/Ni atom ratio,  structure, morphology and magnetic properties were characterized by means of X\|ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results indicated that the stabilities of the structure were improved and the soft magnetic properties were optimized by doping Ni in the sample.

The authors investigated the periodic solution of (2k)thorder volterra delay functional equations in the space L²(0,2π). Some results on existence and uniqueness of periodic solution were obtained via Schauder fixedpoint theorem and Fourier method.

A class of initial value problems for nonlinear differentialdifference equation with small time delay was studied with the corrective method of boundary layer. Under some definite conditions, the uniformly valid a symptotic solution of the problems was obtained. Especially, two corrective terms of boundary layer were given. They are decreasing continuously and exponentially and have the characteristic of ladder structure.

We investigated the chaotic/hyperchaotic synchronization of two erbium-doped fiber dual-ring lasers using delay injection-feedback. The numerical simulation shows that the two same erbium-doped fiber dual-ring lasers can easily achieve synchronization even though they are chaotic or hyperchaotic only if the delay time and intension of feedback are suitable, even if two lasers are not completely uniform, they also achieve chaotic/hyperchaotic synchronization only if the intension of feedback is suitably added. At the same time, the two lasers show delay synchronization for different delay time, this delay synchronization just account for the delay effect in telecommunication and is available for chaotic secure communication.

We discussed threestage semiimplicit stochastic RungeKutta methods for Stratonovich stochastic differential equations. The meansquare stability properties of the methods were examited. The stability properties and numerical results show the effectiveness of these methods in the pathwise approximation of stochastic differential equations.

Three aconines: aconine, mesaconine, hypaconine were separated from the hydrolyzates of three diesterditerpenoid aconines aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine. ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra(including ¹H-¹H COSY, HMQC and HMBC) of the compounds were acquired and assigned. The structures of the compounds were elucidated. The chemical shift assignm
ents of ¹H and ¹³C were made.

The present paper deals with the antiperiodic problems for (2n+1)-order ordinary differential equation. Under certain assumpations, we presented some results about the existence and uniqueness of antiperiodicsolutions for (2n+1)-order ordinary differential equations using the to pological degree theory.

A feature extraction and retrieval algorithm based on childblock partition and area division using discrete cosine transformation and singular value decomposition is proposed. First the image is divided into childblocks, discrete cosine transformation is used to extract important coefficients as color feature of the childblock, and then the image is divided into areas, some matrixes are constructed of the discrete cosine transformation coefficients in this area, which are submitted to singular value decomposition to gain the retrieval feature vector to accomplish image retrieval. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm gains good recall and precision, and has a good retrieval effect.

Substituted dibenylimine compounds were synthesized and the effects of substituting groups on the cleavage mode of debenzylation under different conditions were also studied. The results indicate that the products of the cleavage under hydrogenation via Pd/C were p-methoxybenzenzylamine and alkanes, while naphthamines were obtained under ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) oxidation.

Mesoporous MCM41 materials with different Si/Al molar ratios are synthesized under hydrothermal condition, and used as catalysts for vaporphase selective o-methylation of catechol with methanol. The performancesof the mesoporous MCM41 materials were also compared with those of various aluminosilicates molecular sieves to investigate the influences of pore size, the amount and strength of acid sites on the catalytic activity. The results show that MCM-41 with Si ∶[KG-*3〗Al=100 exhibits a good catalytic activity and selectivity to guaiacol. This may mainly be attributed to the relative large pore size and the presence of suitable amounts of weak acid on the surface of catalyst.

A novel framework was presented for using evolutionary algorithm to identify the transcription factor binding sites from the noncoding region of the upstream of the coexpression genes. The application of the method in known promoter sequence sets which controled by the same transcription fact or showed that the proposed method can exactly find the binding sites with unigue conserved sequence. Compared with the classic method〖CD2〗Gibbs Sampler, the proposed method shows more effectiveness on finding the shorter binding sites.

Three gallium(Ⅲ) phosphites and gallium phosphate were synthesized by hydrothermal/solvothermal combinative technique under autogeneou s pressure in the system of Ga-H₃PO₃-1,2-dap-EG/H₂O(1,2-dap: 1,2-diaminopropane, EG: ethyl glycol). Their structures were determined by means of singlecrystal Xray diffraction analysis, IR spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma(ICP). In our work, we stressed the synthetic factors on the influence of the crystallization of such materials.

To deal with the weakness of the BP neural network in learning speed, an Deviation Units Recurrence Neural Network model is presented based on the Jordan and Elman neural network. The weight regulatingmethod is developed based on BP algorithm. Simulations on fault diagnosis were performed with this neural network model. Experimental results show that the converging speed of this network model is faster than that of the traditional BP network and this model has a good practicability. 

According to the network environment constant change and rule classification asymmetry, we developed a high efficient detection method, considering the characteristics of both rules and loads. The method could dynamically generate a rule-matching tree, which adapted the payload features. Then we implemented it over Snort. The experiment results show that using the method, we can not only solve the problem of Network Intrusion System’s high packet loss rates, but also greatly reduce the rule set of each packet or event needs detection. Thus, the detection efficiency will be improved.

A new reduced molybdenum phosphate, ［Ni(phen) ₃］₂［Ni(PO₄)₂(H₂PO₄)6(OH)₆(MoO₂)₁₂］(phen: 1,10\|phenanthroline), was synthesized by mild hydrothermal techniques, and the crystal structure was determined by singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound crystallized in the triclinic space groupP1 with a=1.404 2(3) nm,b=1.405 0(3) nm, c=1.408 2(3) nm, α=74.53(3)°, β=74.72(3)°, γ=74.81(3)°, V=2.527 6(9) nm3, Z=1, R1=0.076 2, wR2=0.168 6.

A nonlinear partial differential equation model based on nonlocal information was proposed to removenoise and preserve the edges. Nonlocal gradient is introduced to detect the edges and adjust the speed of the diffusion inside and outside the smooth region. Oneside scheme is taken for calculating the nonlocal gradient norm to preserve edge information in discret situation. Theorical analysis and numerical results demonstratethe performance of the new method.

According to the feature of prison gallery management, we combined several classic algorithms, including complexion model, template matching and primary component analysis, to develop a realtime and effective human face recognition module. The testing results show that the model is satisfied in the specific application.

To explain the function of each part of the algorithm we make a detailed analysis of the structure and implementation of AES algorithm. Researching the details of the algorithm, we summarized the characteristics of it, optimized and merged the steps of each round of the algorithm. In order toreduce the complexity of decryption algorithm and make it have the same structure with the encryption algorithm, we changed the order of the decryption algorithm and proved the correctness of this change.

Fluorinterminated hyperbranched poly(ether ether ketone)(HPDEEK-F) was synthesized via A₂+B₃ reaction. HPDEEKF was endcapped with 4-phenyl ethynyl phenol, which received phenylethynylterminated hyperbranched poly(ether ether ketone)(HPDEEK-PEP). The structures and performances of poly(ether ether ketone)s were confirmed by FTIR, ¹H NMR, DSC and TGA. The experimental results show that the T_g and the thermal stability of HPDEEKPEP are higher than those of HPDEEKF. They all have a good solution property.

In view of the fact that the underwater acoustic signal can stimulate Water Surface Horizontal Mini-wave (WSHM), we have set up an experimental scheme, by means of which the pictures of the WSHM can be obtaine d and processed. We can measure the wavelength of the WSHM by means of the exper imental scheme. A series of WSHM wavelengths can be acquired through a lot of experiments. The comparison of the experiment results to the theoretical values shows that they are compatible with each other.

Traditional mining algorithm does not contain relations which is defined in pattern. The clustering method based on traditional data pattern brings in different businesses together. Thus the result of the cluster is not good enough. In this paper, a new algorithm called PCOT (patternbased clustering outlier test) is presented. PCOT is suitable in highdimensional space, which uses a new business containing pattern. In the algorithm, a novel hypergraph model is proposed to represent the relations among the patterns. Hypergraph partitioning method is used in clusering. Experiment shows that this approach can find the outliers in highdimensionalsparse space effectively.

A novel scheme of network traffic data collection and storage is proposed in detail, which resolves the difficult problems of traffic monitoring in large-scale networks. Traffic prediction is applied in the network management system so as to implement the network traffic prediction, which is a change of the traditional network management method. Firstly, the SNMP-based method of obtaining traffic data was adopted so as to improve the computing accuracy. Secondly, the comparison and analysis were performed in different schemes of traffic monitoring. Thirdly, the ARMA-based prediction was implemented and analyzed. Finally, the definition of extended TRAP types was also presented to handle the alerts that are sent because of breaking the threshold. As shown in our practice, the system can meet the requirements of traffic monitoring in large-scale telecom data networks with good efficiency.

The doseenhancementfactors of different thicknesses of AuCuPc interfaces were calculated via MonteCarlo method. The calculated results demonstrate that the thickness of Au has an distinct effect on dose enhancement of Xray nearby the AuCuPc interface. When the thickness of Au is 0~8 μm, doseenhancementfactor of X-ray increases along with the increase of the thickness of Au.

A novel algorithm FFSPAN (fast frequent sequential pattern mining algorithm) is proposed to solve the problem that the computational complexity may become very high when mining long patterns in a sequence database. Traditionally, to judge whether a sub-sequence is frequent in a database, one need to compare the whole sub-sequence with every sequence in the original database, however the algorithm FFSPAN succeeds in solving the problem that in a sequence database, instead of searching a whole frequent sequence, we only need to search a frequent item or a frequent itemset. Moreover, the databases scanned via FFSPAN keep shrinking, which makes the algorithm more efficient when the sequential patterns are longer. Experiments on standard test data show that FFSPAN is very effective.

To study the inhibition mechanism of Trifolium pratense to tumor, we investigated the inhibitory activity of Trifolium pratense extract contain 40% flavonoids and four major isoflavones on MMP-16. Results show that the Trifolium pratense extract containing 40% flavonoids inhibits MMP-16 a ctivity, biochanin A, genistein and daidzein can’t inhibit MMP-16 activity, formon onetin can weakly inhibit MMP-16 activity but not dosedependent. After column chromatography analysis, we obtained 33 fractions, the No.13 fraction and No.25 fraction inhibit MMP-16 activity and the inhibitory effect is dosedependent for the No.13 fraction.

In order to improve the precision of big visual field photo electricity measuring system, a set of device for detecting optical systematic distortion was designed to compensate for the detecting piece according to the characters of the photo electricity measuring system and the target. On the basis of the principle of the distortion correction, the course of distortion correction in the measuring system was introduced via the distortion correcting device. The proceeding based on the correction method was compiled to adjust the distortion of the photoelectric measuring system. And the experimental analysis was carried out to prove the process feasiblility. The experiment result shows that the method reduces the measurement error caused by the distortion of optical system. After cubic equation compensation, the measurement accuracy has reached 0.244 pixel in the whole visual field. 

For co-regular subsets in metric spaces, previous work has identified twelve distinct reasonable representationsand its induced computability. With respect to those basic notions we investigated the computabilityof natural operations on coregular sets: union, intersection, complement, the interior of a closed set, image and preimage under suitable classes of functions. The results show that only few of these representationsare uniformly computable in the sense of rendering all those operations.

The authors studied the existence of single and multipe positive solutions to the periodic boundary value problems (PBVP) of a class of second order integrodifferential equations:u″(t)+a²u(t)=f(t,u,(Su)(t)),t∈［0,2π］,u(0)=u(2π),u′(0)=u′(2π)where S is a Fredholm integral operator. By constructing Green’s function and using fixed point theorem on cone, we proved a group of conditions to gaurantee the existence and multiplicity of positive periodic solutions.

This paper deals with  the acoustic band gaps in periodic composite materials, and gives out a new attenuation mechanism. Using the modified reflection and transmission matrices method, we considered the periodically stratified porous media as 1D phononic crystal, investigated the band gap properties of plane P\|waves propagation. It is shown that there is a series of stop bands when the characteristic P\|wave velocities of the two media are different and the stop band frequencies satisfy that lattice thickness is integer multiples of average P\|wave half\|wavelength. The bandwidth and attenuation of the low\|frequency stop band correspond to the difference of velocity. And with the same velocity difference, they are much greater when the difference is caused by porosity variations and partial saturation, compared with grain\| and frame\|parameter variations. When the lattice thickness is in the magnitude of meters or decades meters, the low\|frequency stop band is within the seismic band of frequencies. 

This paper deals with the existence of monotone positive solutions to a type of three point boundary value problems of nonlinear secondorder differential equations with p-Laplacian operator. On the basis of the fixed point theorem on cone, sufficient conditions for the existence of monotone positive solutions are given to the boundary value problems with homogeneous and nonhomogeneous boundary conditions, respectively, and the convexity of solution curves is decided.

The environmental effects of eco-city planning of Qinhuangdao city were assessed by means of fuzzy pattern recognition. The contribution of each environmental subject coming from the program to the environmental impact was also analyzed. The results indicate that there is small impact of eco-city planning on the environment in Qinhuangdao city. The theory reflects the fuzziness of programming environmental impact commendably and provides base for assessing the environment of programming reasonably.

The present paper presents an iris detection and localization method based on AdaBoost algorithm and neural networks with local interc onnection structures to overcome the limits in the current iris detection and localization algorithms. It has following features: according to the features of the iris image, we designed a set of local interconnection neural networks iris classifiers with different receptive fields and different complexity; we use d AdaBoost algorithm to integrate neural networks classifiers to generate a chief classifier with powerful iris detection ability; cascade connection structure was applied to increasing the detection speed. Experimental results show that this algorithm has a very high detection accuracy and speed. It can solve the iris detection and localization problems efficiently in the case of with large face region and those of cataract patients.

The partial differential equation studied was first transformed into the ordinary differential equations, and then the Trotter product formula of exponential function was used to approximate the coefficientmatrix of these ordinary differential equations. The coefficient matrix was separated into smallblock matrixes, and CrankNicolson method was used to obtain results. So a new difference scheme of variable coefficient diffusion equation was thus obtained. It is an explicit difference scheme with simple calculation and unconditional stability. Some properties of this scheme were discussed. Subsequent numerical experiment shows that the presented method possesses simple calculation and high accuracy.

A generalized CL-stability algorithm proposed in this paper can be used to recognize mislabeled samples and abnormal samples in cancer microarray. The CL-stability is selected as a basic operator in the proposed a lgorithm. The mislabeled samples or abnormal samples are detected depending on the gobal stability of samples. Experimental results show that the generalized CL-stability algorithm is not only better than other existing algorithms, but also used to distinguish mislabeled samples and abnormal samples.

SiO₂ nanotubes with different inner diameters were synthesized by using a novel viologen-based organogel as the template. It was found that the content of the silica oligomer produced from the hydrolytes of TEOS had effect on the aggregation of the organogel fibers, which would result in the formation of SiO₂ nanotubes with various morphologies.

Boron nitride(BN) thin films were prepared on the (100) -oriented surface of n-Si(0.008～0.02 Ω·m) by means of R.F. magnetron sput tering physical vapor deposition(PVD). There are only two absorption peaks of h- BN at about 1 380 cm^-1 and 780 cm^-1 in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the BN thin films. The field emission characteristic s of BN thin films were measured in a super high vacuum system. It has been foun d that the field emission characteristics of BN thin films depended evidently on substrate bias. The threshold electric field increases first and then decreases with substrate bias increasing. The lowest threshold electric field is 8 V/ μm for the BN film deposited at a substrate bias of -140 V, respectively. It ha s been shown that electrons are emitted from BN thin film to vacuum tunneling th rough the potential barrier at the surface of BN thin film under exterior el ectric field by Fowler-Nordheim (F~N) plots.

Ti-Si mixed oxides catalysts with different Ti/Si ratios were prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by means of XRD, FT-IR, N₂ adsorption, UV-vis and NH₃-TPD. The results show that the morphologies of Ti-Si mixed oxides change from anatase structure to amorphous with the addition of silicon. Both the acidic amount and strenth on the catalysts surface decrease with increasing Si content. Vapor-phase O-methylation of catechol with methanol was investigated over various Ti-Si catalysts. The results show that the sample of n(Ti) ∶n(Si)=6 ∶1 exhibits the highest activity (68%) and the activity decreases with increasing Si contents, which might relate to the amount and species of the surface acid.

A new computer aid design (CAD) software arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) analysis called AWGCAD is reported, by which the parameters can be optimized and the characteristics of AWGs can be analyzed. The simulation precision and function can compare beauty with the software developed by some other corporations. We gave some recommendation of some modules of the software, such as analysis of waveguide effective refractive index, parameters relations, bent loss, coupling pitch of waveguides, FSR, diffraction loss and diffraction effciency, side-lobe restrain, leakage loss caused by high refractive index substrate and crosstalk.

LDPE/EVA/CB conductive foam was made with low density polyethlene (LDPE) and ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer (EVA) as matrix, acetylene carbon black (CB) as conductive filler, azobisformamide (AC) as foamer and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as crosslinker. The bubble structure and resistivity-temperature characteristic were observed. Influences of carbon black content, crosslinker and foamer on conductive properties of LDPE/EVA/CB foaming conductive composites were investigated. The obtained foam has a rather good bubble structure and a switching characteristic. Acetylene CB filled LDPE/EVA system exhibits positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect during heating process. The proper filler contents of the crosslinker and foamer were confirmed to make the composite have not only good foam performance but also PTC characteristic.

Let {X_n;n≥1}be a sequence of m-dependent Banach space valued random variables with mean zeros and finite variances, by using the weak convergence theorem of m-dependent Banach space valued random variables, we studied the precise asymptotics of the complete convergence and the law of the iterated logarithm for the sequence {X_n;n≥1}. We extended the results of the precise asymptotics of the complete convergence and the law of the iterated logarithm for real valued i.i.d.random variables.

An improved genetic algorithm based on machine learning is presented. In the improved algorithm we make genetic algorithm and machine learning proceed alternatively with the assistance of improved factors. For solving multiobjective optimization problems, the improved algorithm can find more and wider Paretooptimal solutions, with more stability, convergence, global search and without premature convergence.

A new homotopy method, called boundary moving combined homotopy method, for solving convex programming was presented. Existence and conv ergence of a homotopy path were proved under only Slater’s condition and a coercive condition. In contrast to the existed combined homotopy interior point methods, the start point needs not to be an interior point of the feasible set, so the new method is more convenient to use. Some numerical examples are given to show its efficiency.

The chaos and chaotic synchronization of erbium-doped fiber ring laser with loss modulation were investigated. The analysis of the max Lyapunov shows fiber laser can be in chaos with proper parameters. On the other hand, the chaotic synchronization of two lasers is realized by a method of chaotic driving. The relationship between the maximum conditional Lyapunov exponents and the driving stiffness shows the parameter conditions for realizing chaotic synchronization. Also, the influence of parameter mismatches on chaos synchronization was investigated.

Since the separable element algorithm of the rational univariate representation (RUR) for solving zerodimensional systems presented by Rouillier makes the size of the coefficients in this representation too long, an improved algorithm for finding separating elements is presented in this paper, which is implemented by confirmingthe separating element of the coordinates step by step. Results show that the size of the coefficientsin the RUR corresponding to the separating element selected by the new algorithm is obviously shorter than that by Rouillier’s. In addition, the average complexity of both the algorithms are close.

We uses a dynamic and adaptive ant algorithm to solve the quadratic as signment problem (QAP), and presented a 3-opt algorithm to the problem for the local optimization of the solution. The results from the ex periments on different QAP instances show that this algorithm is able to find go od solutions quickly. Especially, the a lgorithm is able to solve the large QAP instance preferably, but the ancient alg orithm is only able to solve the small QAP instances.

A multiobjective incremental heuristic search algorithm which combines heuristic search with incremental search is put forward. When the state space of the multiobjective problem changes, the algorithm will not resolve the new problem from scratch, but reuse the parts of the information of the previous search to find the set of optimal solutions of the new problem and thus
 the efficiency of resolution is improved. The experiment results of the Gridworld benchmark problem show that the algorithm can solve a series of similar multiobjective problems very efficiently when the state space changes continuously.

In-situ high-pressure Raman study of β-Ga₂O₃ was carried out from 0 to 23.4 GPa with a diamond anvil cell (DAC). The authors determined the pressure dependences of the Raman bands of β-Ga₂O₃. The external vibrational modes at 144 cm^{-1 and 169 cm-1 were assigned according to the high-pressure Raman spectra. Two new Raman peaks at 232 cm-1 and 483 cm-1 are near 18 GPa, and their intensity is strengthened with increasing pressure. So we can determine the occurrence of pressure-induced phase transition near 18 GPa.}

In the present paper is proposesd an incremental index structure used in web search engine in orderto deal with the high update frequency of the web pages crawled by domainspecific crawler. In the inverted index structure, the posting list of each term is partitioned into linked blocks, whose sizes form an arithmeticalseries. The incremental index structure resolves the problem of document update, which is expensive in inverted index of continuous storage, and experimental results show that it provides much higher retrieval efficiency than naive linked list structure, which also supports realtime update. The spacefortime approach effectively raises the update rate of index.

The paper presents an algorithm called WHOT (Weighted Hypergraphbased Outlier Test), which is based on weighted association rule mining algorithm and hypergraph partitioning algorithm. The association rule mining algorithm was redesigned. Hypergraph was constructed by mining significant association rules in data set. Cluster set was obtained by using the hypergraph partitioning algorithm. After that we defined the measures to judge whether a vertex in hypergraph or a record in dataset is an outlier.

A subsystem model of power battery for studying multi-power-resource vehicles’ forward simulation model was built. Based on the framework of ideal voltage source and inner resistance model and consideration of the effect of SOC and temperature, the model was made and applied to simulation validation via experiments of various working statuses of a certain NiMH battery. In this process, a study was made on the engineering method for the temperature estimate of battery.

A semiconductor cooling and wind cooling system was used to control the temperature of a high power semiconductor laser.The working temperature of the semiconductor laser can be kept below 45℃ and the error of the temperature controlled is ±0.1℃.The system worked normal within the room temperature.The output power can reach to 15.28W under above conditions.

This paper presents an example-based non-photorealistic image rendering algorithm, which employs the patch-based texture synthesis approach, as well as speeds up the texture synthesis process by exploiting particle swarm optimization during the matching search process. This algorithm also accomplishes the orientation control of matching patches in structure and details through appropriate parameter setting. Once a certain sample image with an artistic style is presented, the algorithm can accomplish image analogies by transferring the style to the target.

A new hybrid algorithm--mutative scale chaos genet ic algorithm (MSCGA) is presented which mixes genetic algorithm with chaos optim ization method. The character of this new method is that the mechanism of the GA is not changed but the search space and the coefficient of the adjustment of th e optimization parameter are reduced continually, which leads to generation evolution to the next generation in order to produce better optimization indivi duals so as to improve the performance of the GA and get over the disadvantage o f the GA. The examination indicates that this algorithm shows a better performan ce than the normal GA and other hybrid methods in geometric constraint solution and acquires satisfied result.

The magnetization curves of magnetically aligned powder samples of GdFe₁₁Ti and GdFe₁₁TiH at 300 K were analysed based on the single ion model. The values of magneto-crystalline anisotropy constants were fitted to be 15.0 K/f.u. and 17.0 K/f.u., which are strikingly different from those of YFe₁₁Ti and YFe₁₁TiH. It was shown that the difference comes from the anisotropy of Gd-Fe exchange interaction in Gd compounds.

Near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combined with partial least square (NIRSPLS) was applied to analyzing the isoniazid in isoniazid tablets quantit atively and establishing quantitative mathematical calibration models of NIRS. In these models, the root mean square error of crosscalibration (RMSECV) was 0.00632.The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.006　03. The regression coefficient (R) was 0.99456and the average recovery of isoniazid was99.772%. In reappearance experiments, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.526%.These results demonstrate that this method is of precise validation. Moreover, it also has the merits of convenience, nondestruction, no polluti on, good reappearance and is available for online detection.

On the basis of the idea of association rule combined with rough set, we propounded a kind of decision rule reduct algorithm based on preferential information, which was applied to the data analysis of traffic accidents of Changchun City, so as to finish the implement of Traffic Accidents Analysis System.

By the research of data mining rough set reduct, the author propounded a data dividing thought based on the discernibility ability of i ndex. First the information system was divided into many small tables, then the final reduction was resolved from the small table reduction. This thought has pre digested the reduction of the bool function reduction. And based on this thought, a parallel algorithm of attribute reduction was designed. By using the simulate tool CPN Tools of Petri Nets, the load balance of the algorithm was analyzed. On the basis of the experimental results compared with the corresponding serial algorithm, it is shown that the parallel algorithm is more efficient for the large scale system with excessive objects.

By means of the parameter estimation, under the p,q-symmetric entropy loss function, the Bayesian estimation, the minimum risk equ ivalent estimation and the minimax estimation of the exponential distribution were presented. Futhermore, when 0≤c*, d>0; c=c^*, d>0, the estimator with the form of ［cT+d］^-1 is admissible; when c<0 or d<0; 0* and d=0; c>c^* and d>0, ［cT+d］^-1is inadmissible.

Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr was isolated and purified by means of column chromatography on silica gel, ODS etc. Seven compounds were isolated and identified as 3,3′-di-O-methyl ellagic acid-4′-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (1), 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2), 3,3′-di-O-methyl-ellagic-acid (3), octacosyl ferulate (4), euphol(5),β-sitosterol (6) and daucosterol (7). All the compounds were identified by physicochemical and spectral data, and they were all isolated from Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr for the first time except β-sitosterol.

A molybdenum complex ［Cu(imi)₂₄[(imi)₂(Mo₈O₂₆)］·H₂O(imi： imidazole) was prepared by means of hydrothermal synthesis and characterized via single crystal Xray analysis, IR and XPS spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis and electrochemistry analysis. The complex molecular consists of an imidazolecoordinated octamolybdate anion, four imidazolecoordinated copper(I) cations and a lattice water molecule. A three dimensional framework was formed by complex hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions.

Hopfield neural networks are widely applied in picture identification and engineering field, but there are parameter perturbations and time delay in the neural network when it is implemented with the hardware. T hese factors will badly influence the dynamic performance of the neural network and even cause instability of the network. This paper discusses the robustness of ne ural networks with time delay by building a model. And the fairly general and easily verifiable criterion is presented.

An extraction system of Chinese names was designed. The system adopts the neural network to deal with the Chinese word segmentation, then carries on extraction of name by means of rearmounted characteristic word according to name. The system solves the question of extracting Chinese name succes sfully whose tail character and the following character construct a word. With the sentences with this kind of name in “People’s Daily”’s corpus base of Janua ry of 1998 the testing data, the result shows that the recall and precision rates are all improved a lot compared with existing methods.

A method was proposed by which the object is rendered by using the points directly if the normal of points is known and there needs no mesh at all.A technique was also proposed to solve the problem of ‘gaps’ appearing on object’s picture caused by the lack of points during rendering by increasing the local density of the points. Furthermore，we simulated the drawing skill used by painters to improve the visual effect of the picture.

We proposed a new method to enhance the contrast of the finger-vein image. The method consists of three parts: wavelet denoising, contrast enhancement and binary image. In wavelet denosing, we made use of the different characteristics of each frequency band and finger-vein after wavelet transform to design different methods of denosing. In contrast enhancement, we designed histogram template equalization method. With the aid of this method, the contrast of the finger-vein image can be properly enhanced. In binary image, we just used the OTSU method. The experimental results show that our method is effective.

The present paper studied the global existence of nonnegative solutions of onedimensional Newtonian filtration equation with more general boundary fluxes term, reaction, diffusion and convection. The global existence of solutions for such problems was proved by means of a differential inequality involving the L^r+1norms of solutions and the limit solution method, coming to the conclusion that the nonnegative global solution exists.

In this paper we discussed the existence of periodic and almost periodic solutions of a class of second order differential equation. Under the assumption that g is a continuous homeomorphism, we have proved using fixed point theorem twice that the equation has a uniqueTperiodic solution ife(t)is aTperiodic function. Furthermore we have proved using approxi mation method that the equation has almost periodic solution ife(t) is an a lmost periodic function.

Currently the traditional methods of calculating tourism environment capacity have some drawbacks. With sustainable development as the target, the limitations of traditional formula in the real program have been poi nted out by analyzing the characteristics of traditional formula about tourism environmental capacity, on the basis of which the traditional formula was revised. The traditional formula and revised formula were contrasted, the applied range and rationality of revised formula were presented too.

With a flexible robotic arm as the example and the gauge theory of rotational dynamics as the basis, a general procedure of formulating distributedparameter model for a flexible robotic arm was developed. The effe cts of axialdeflection and centrifugal force on the robotic arm were investigated by researching vibrating frequency. A simplified, exact dynamic equation for a flexible robotic arm was poposed.

A new two-dimensional layered zinc phosphate (ZnHPO₄) was synthesized by means of hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized product was characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the title compound crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c (No.14), with the parameters a=0.462　51(14) nm, b=1.360　8(4) nm, c=0.582　84(18) nm, β=98.752(5)°, V=0.362　56(19) nm³, Z=2, M＝161.35， R₁＝0.074　2， wR₂＝0.229　6. Its structure was built up by infinite four-remembered ring chains sharing vertices, generating a new two-dimensional layer structure.

A new salicylidene derivative with cholesterol moieties was designed and synthesized. It was found that it could selfassemble into transparent organogels in benzene, CCl₄, butyl acetate and DMF. The TEM and SEM images reveal that lots of nanofibers crosslinked into 3D networks, which could prevent the flow of the solvents. The UV-vis absorption spectra illustrate th at salicylidene units self-assembled into H-aggregation via π-π interaction.

On the basis of traditional successive images difference, threshold processing was made to the region of interest which was obtained by the method of successive images difference, getting foreground which is represented by white pix and background which is represented by black pix, then a new algorithm was designedto detect the vehicle algorithm of adaptive thresholds of template matching for vehicle detection in video flow. Experiments demonstrate that the algorithm is simple, implemented easily, and can detect the vehicle exactly.

The author adopted Monte Carlo method to simulate the linear polymer chain lattice model, and made a research on the variation of polymer dynamic behavior with the interaction energy changing among the system components. The author discussed the changes of physical parameters that describe chain dynamics g_cm(t), g_m(t), g_e(t) and g_r(t) with the increase of the interaction energy ε_PS between solvent molecules and polymer chain segment molecules, and interaction energy ε_PP among polymer chain segment molecules. The results indicate that ε_PP has less impact on polymer dynamic behavior than ε_PS, but the tangling character of the system is mainly affected by the chain length of the system， does not depend on the change of ε_PS and ε_PP absolutely.

We discussed some numerical schemes for stochastic differential equations, and applied predictorcorrector method to solving implicit scheme for nonlinear stochastic differential equations. We also carried out the numerical experiments and analyzed and compared the average global error of each numerical method. The numerical experiments illustrate that the calculating accuracies by means of explicit scheme and halfimplicit scheme are higher than that of implicit scheme.

Acanthopanacis Senticosi Polysaccharides (ASPs) were extracted by hot water. ASPs in the filtrate were successively precipitated with alcohol. When the quantity of alcohol was equal to the volume of the ASPs filtrate, the production yield of ASPs was the highest. The yields of the fraction productions were decreasing with the increase of the quantitiy of alcohol and the total yield of ASPs was up to 0.54%. The inhibitions of the fraction productions to O₂^- and ·OH were assayed by the method of pyrogallol in the fenton system. The results show that the antioxidative effect of the fraction productions is improved with the increase of the quantity of alcohol. When the quantity of alcohol was 6 times the volume of ASPs filtrate, the elimination rate of the production to O₂^-could reach to the highest value of 47.7%. When the quantity of alcohol was 4 times the volume of ASPs filtrate, the elimination rate of the production to ·OH could reach to the highest value of 68.2%. The inhibition of ASPs to the lipid peroxidation of the erythrocyte membrane was improved with the increase of the concentration of ASPs. When the concentration of ASPs was above 0.4　g/L, ASPs could not only inhibit the lipid peroxidation but also produce some reductive effect to the erythrocyte membrane.

The low-lying excitation spectra of ¹¹Be was calculated on the basis of 1+3 quasiparticle-vibration coupling model.Experimentally observed 4 MeV excited state of ¹¹Be has been reprouduced, and the results are in good agreement with experiments. The calculation result shows that some of the low-lying excited levels of ¹¹Be are caused by coupling of 1+3 quasiparticles with even-even vibrating core ⁸Be. The halo structure of ¹¹Be is also explained reasonably.

An improved SortMatAlign method was proposed by which MatAlign time complexity was reduced from O(N₄) to O(N₃) by quick sort and pretreatment of distance matrices. Experiment results support the new method’s feasibility and effectiveness. On the average, the value of RMSD by SortMatAlign is 1.098 times that by MatAlign, and the Svalue comprehensively evaluated by the number of residue pairs and RMSD is 0.968 times that by MatAlign. SortMatAlign is 18.276 times faster than MatAlign to get the same result.

It is, more often than not, difficult to gain the concret posterior distribution of Poisson regression after priori distribution of parameters is given. This paper provides an approximate likelihood function of the parameters according to the property of the large sample of Γdistribution and their approximate posterior distribution. The simulation study shows that the Bayesian estimation performs well based on the approximate posterior distribution.

By means of defining a real bilinear symmetric function and Schauder fixed point theorem, existence and uniqueness for the solution of nonlinear nonresonant elliptic system with hardy potential have been established.

A halotolerant strain CCHA was isolated from the surface of wild vegetation around saltern, identified by the morphological observation and ITS sequence analysis, and their biological characteristics, saltresistance and metaltolerance were analyzed. The homology of ITS sequence between CCHA and each of other 21 Aspergillus strains which have been reported was 55.9%—100%; growth temperature range of it was from 25 ℃ to 45 ℃, the optimum at 35 ℃; growth pH range of it was from 2.5 to 12.0, the optimum at 5.0—8.0; salinity range of it was 0—31%, the optimum at 5%; and the strain exhibited higher tolerance to Cu2+. CCHA strain was identified as Aspergillus sp.

A class of merit functions for describing the nonlinear complementarity problems (NCP) was extended to that for describing the symmetric cone complementarity (SCCP) problems by the tool of Euclidean-Jordan algebras. And then it was shown that the SCCP is equivalent to an unconstrained smooth minimizationvia this new merit function and two examples of the class of merit function are given. Moreover, the conditions under which the new merit function provides a global error bound were studied with a weak condition given under which the new merit function has bounded level sets.

The formation and stability of vesicles from the mixture of cationic cetyltrimethylammoniium bromide (CTAB) and anionic surfactant were investigated. The three different anionic surfactants were sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SLS) respectively. Vesicles all can form in systems cationic and each of three anionic (cationanionic) surfactants. The experimental results show that although three anionic surfactants have similar molecular structure, the mixed ratio of catanionic surfactant with each anionic surfactant was entirely different for the formation of vesicles. The stabilities of vesicles were different either. The present paper discusses the formation of vesicles according to the physical properties of surfactants and investigates the stability of vesicles. The TEM technique was used to observe the shape of vesicles.

Some properties of the solutions of the Cauch y problem for a class of nonlinear parabolic systems, in non-divergence form, w ere studied. Under different conditions, a series of global solutions and a seri es of blowup solutions of the system were constructed; on the other hand, it is proved that under some conditions, any weak solution of the problem possesses t he localization property which generalizes an important result in reference.

In this paper, a new kind of Lagrangian quadratic finite volume element method based on optimal stress points is presented for solving two\|point boundary value problems. In general,  trial and test spaces are chosen as the Lagrangian quadratic finite element space and the piecewise constant function space respectively. It is proved that the method has optimal H¹ and L² error estimates. The superconvergence of numerical derivatives at optimal stress points is discussed. Finally, the numerical experiments show the results of theoretical analysis.

The aim of this paper is to discuss the existence of global BV solutions for a class of systems of quasilinear hyperbolic equ ations with Radon measures as initial conditions. We firstly considered its regularized problem. With the aid of a series of critical analysis and by a limit process, we obtained the existence of global solutions for the regularized problem. In particular, we also obtained the uniform BV estimates for it. Then again, by a limit process, the existence of global BV solutions for the original problem was obtained.

Under some nonstationary conditions, it is proved that all the finite dimensional distributions of the stochastic process {ξ_n(t); 0≤t≤1} weakly converge to the finite dimensional distribution of the Wiener measure under the conditional probability measure PB(·). At last, it is proved that the process {ξ_νn(u);0≤u≤1} weakly converges to the Wiener measure, where {ν_n;n∈N} is a sequence of positive integer-valued random variables statisfying some conditions.

A modified HPLC method was used for the separation and the determination of aconitum alkaloids in medicine wine.The toxical dosages of the preparations were established on the basis of the data from the above determination.At the same time，the chemical reasons of aconitine poisoning were revealed.These reasons have provided some scientific bases for the clinical safe drug use.

This paper presents the process of customer churn prediction via data mining, aiming at the BOSS of telecommunication, and deals with Evolutionary Algorithm and the Discretization of continuous data, then brings for ward EACA （Evolutionary Algorithm for Churning Analysis） algorithm to mining the mass churning rule of telecommunication companies.

A novel wavelet watermark algorithm based on erbium\|doped fiber laser with an optical delay feedback (ODF-EDFL) system to encrypt  watermark image for color image was proposed. The erbium\|doped fiber laser (EDFL) was chaos with coefficients varying in a very wide range when  the optical time\|delayed system was added on it. The chaotic sequences generated by an ODF\|EDFL system were improved to encrypt the binary watermark image. Then  the modulated watermark was embedded in the high region of the  low frequency band of  the green component which had been DWT of the original image. Experimental results show that the proposed method can realize the watermark embedding and extracting on color image and is robust against the attacks of general image processing methods such as JPEG compression, noise, and filtering.

This paper presents an algorithm based on the improved suffix tree and interactclustering idea. Hierarchical clustering for document title and summary is implemented by improved traditional suffix tree structure. Meanwhile, the interactive clustering is employed instead of traditional recursive algorithm. The algorithm is not related with language. Not only is it applicable to wordbased English, but also it can deal effectively with characterbased Chinese without dictionarybased Chinese word segmentation. Furthermore, the interactive clustering engine was realized on the basis of the algorithm, the system was tested in different network environments, and the performance of the system was compared with other metasearch engines. The experimemnt demonstrates that it is feasible effectively to conduct realtime interactive cluste ring by using the improved suffix tree algorithm.

The stability of homoclinic cycles in planar piecewise smooth systems was studied. A criterion for judging the stability of the homoclinic cycle was presented under the condition of saddle quantity is nontrivial. It was proved that the stability of the homoclinic cycle is only dependent on the sign of the saddle quantity. A numerical experiment was carried out to illustrate the theoretical result.

Using a Rosenthal-type inequality for maximum of partial sums for ρ^--mixing random variables, we discussed strong conveigence forρ^--mixing random sequences. And we extended the classical HintchineKolmogorov convergence theorem, Marcinkiewicz strong law of large numbers, and the three series theorem etc. for independent sequences of random variables to ρ-mixing sequences of random variables without necessarily adding any extra conditions.

Via the comparison of traditional histogram and segment based on histogram, a new image retrieval method of segment global histogram is proposed. The basic idea of segment global histogram is to divide image space into blocks according to a certain strategy, and then to calculate the color histogram of each block as the color feature of the corresponding block. Users assign a weight to each block according to the importance of the space information that the block contains. After the blocks with weight zero are merged into a single segment global histogram, on the system the distances between corresponding blocks with nonzero weight and the distance between partial segment global histograms are calculated. Then the overall distance accumulated according to weights given by users is regarded as the real distance between the two pictures. The pictures with less distances indicate less visional differences. Relevancefeedback is adopted to selfadjust the performance of the system.

The mutant strain N3-10 mutagenized by Corynebacterium pekinense AS1.299 as starting strain was screened with the flat plate which con
tained leucine, norleucine or ethionine in turn to obtain high yield methioninemutant strains L3,LN7 or E31.Determined inhibiting concentration of leucine to mutant strain N3-10 was 8 g/L, the inhibiting concentration of norleucine to mutant strain L3 was 3 g/L, the inhibiting concentration of ethionine to mutant strain LN7 was 3 g/L. After UV mutagenesis and screening by three methionine analogues, the obtained E31 mutant strain resistant to ethionine can generate methionine 1.479 g/L, which is higher by 0.379 g/L compared with N3-10 prototroph strain generated methionine after fermentation. It was shown that go down to 5th posterity had good genetic stability.

The method of fitting hyperbola with singular value decomposition(SVD) was used to measure the laser beam quality parameters. The advan tages and disadvantages of using the normal equations to fit a hyperbola were an alyzed. The hyperbola fitted by SVD was used to express the change of the laser beam’s width, and the rules for estimating the goodnessoffit were offered. The fitting precisions of hyperbolas fit with the normal equations and the SVD were compared. The result showed that the precisions and the goodness-of-fit were affected better in the fitting hyperbola with SVD for laser measure.

The volatile components in Ease Pill from 10 manufacturers were extracted by hydrodistillation and detected by gas chromatography (GC).GC fingerprints were established and analyzed by the method of hierarchical cluster analysis, by which the discrimination of the samples from different manufacturers was achieved. The optimized extraction parameters were distilling 11 h, a ratio of drug to water of 1 ∶〖KG-*3〗15, soaking 10 h  and n octadecane was chosen as the internal standard substance. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis show that there are discriminations among gas chromatography common peaks areas of Ease Pill from different manufacturers, which indicates the standard in medicine production should be improved.

An embedded system with multiple digital signal processors (DSP) based on a digital signal processor/basic input output system (DSP/BIOS), which is a kind of real-time operating system, for corona detection via double spectral method was introduced. Multiple tasks in the corona detection were processed via a multiple threads technology to develop the system. Sensors’ control data and image data were processed respectively and many tasks in corona detection were processed smoothly and real-timely on this system. Both hardware and software of the system were introduced. Real-time corona detectionvia its solarblind ultraviolet image and corona location via background’s visible image were realized by means of this system with small cube, high real-time ability, easyexpanding characteristics and high reliability. It is b etter than the other embedded system based on DSP without DSP/BIOS in the as pects of reliability and realtime ability. For the system is based on DSP/BIOS, it is convenient to expand the system via development tools and make it suitable for multiplesensor systems, such as supervising system, detecting system and etc.

Based on the Mie scattering theory, the optics cross section and scattering intensity distribution of aerosol primary particles which IAMAP proposed were computed. Results show that under the different incidence wavelengths and particle radii, the scattering capability of particles are different. The glory of scattering fields was simulated. The diffraction glory by the scattering fields comprise the information of particle size and optics characteristics.

Some nonexistences of the nontrivial weak solutions for p-sub-Laplacian inequalities on Heisenberg group were investigated via considering some properties of the Heisenberg group and its vector fields and the admissible function method for the Laplacian inequalities on the Euclide an.

With 1,8-diazabicyclo［5.4.0］undec7ene (DBU) as catalyst, tetratertbutyl-2,3-naphthalocyaninanickel (TBNPcNi) was synthesized by means of liquid synthesis method. A frequencydoubled Q switched Nd ∶[KG-*3]YAG laser system with ns/ps laser pulse was used for studying nonlinear and optical limiting properties of the synthesized compound at a wavelength of 532 nm. The
 nonlinear refracting index, n₂ and thirdorder nonlinear polarizability, χ⁽³⁾ were 2.07×10^-11  and 7.57×10^-12 , respectively, which are obviously higher than the values of metallic phthalocyanine. The compound shows excellent nonlinear optical limiting performance. When the visible light transmittance is 72%, the limiting threshold value is 1 722 mJ/cm2, the clamp value is 700 mJ/cm2, the ratio of absorption sectional areas of effective excited state and ground state is 4.48.

An unsymmetric porphyrin was synthesized based on the adjustable property of tetraphenylporphyrin. Then, a chiral porphyrin was synthesized by the esterification between the unsymmetric porhyrin and L-BOCphenylalanine. The chiral recognition of the chiral porphyrin with the L and D-alanine methyl ester showed different chiral recognition abilities for small amino acids. The D-alanine methyl ester was more tightly bound to the chiral porphyrin than its optical antipode.

Let (X,d)be a compact metric space, f: X→X a continuous map, and (K(X),H) a compact metric space consisting of all nonempty compact subsets of X. It has been proved that the topological ergodicity of setvalued map is equivalent to the topological double ergodicityof f by studying the relation between the motion of points and the motion of sets; moreover, a compactsystem has been constructed which has zero topological entropy and no chaotic property, but the inducedset valued map of which has infinite to pological entropy and distributional chaos, this implies that the topological complexity of could be far greater than that of f.

The immobilization of lipase with diatomite powder as the carrier by t he means of absorption method was studied. The results of the optimal condition s for im mobilization are that pH is 7.7; temperature is in the range of 30 ℃ and 35 ℃; ionic strength is in the range of 0.01 mol/L and 0.03 mol/L; the optimal ra ti o of diatomite to lipase is 8∶1(mass ratio).

We gave a new method to find the periodic solution of differential equation. By the idea of Poincaré mapping, the problem of finding the periodic solution of differential equation can be converted into an optimization problem, then adopting the quasiNewton method to solve the corresponding optimization problem, we can find the periodic solution of the differential equation.

We studied a class of second order ordinary differential equations with fourpoint boundary value problems which are widely applied to many fields. We obtained the existence property of a solution for this class of problems using the upper and lower solution method, comparison principle and th e Schauder fixed point theorem. We also provided a numerical example to illustrate the theory.

The nonlinear refraction indices n₂ and the reverse saturation absorption (RSA) coefficients β of a series of hydroxylphenyl porphyrins were measured by means of single beam Z-scan technique with a 8 ns laser pulse at 532 nm from which third-order nonlinear susceptibilities χ⁽³⁾ of the samples were calculated. The hydroxylphenyl porphyrins have a large value of the reverse saturation absorption and a large cubic nonlinear refractivity. The effects of molecular structures on the third-order nonlinear optical properties were discussed. The experimental results show that the effects of different numbers and different positions of the substituents on the nonlinear refractivity of the porphyrins are evident.

A method of optimizing the dynamic model bank that is based on online learning is proposed in this paper. When the number of models rea ches the set limitation, the old model, which has the lowest matching degree according to the matching extent between the plant and the models, is deleted for the maintenance of the size of the dynamic model bank, and then the new model is added to the dynamic model bank. Therefore, the problems that arise when the number of models increases and results in a significant grow in computational complexity as well as a decrease in the performance level are solved. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by the simulation results.

The band structure, electronic density of states, phonon dispersion, phonon density of states, and electron-phonon coupling in CsI under high pressure were explored via planewave pseudopotential method based on density functional theory. Thus, the physical origin of the superconductivity of CsI under pressure has been probed. The theoretical results suggest that the in\|plane optical vibrational modes couple strongly with electrons, resulting in the observed superconductivity in CsI. 

In consideration of the community structure existing in social network and individual’s interaction, we introduced the concept of community influence maximization. Furthermore, the influence probability among nodes may change due to the dynamic change of the interaction’s intensity between the nodes. Thus, in this paper, the authors will propose a new diffuse model named comprehensive cascade model and use this model to study community influence maximization. Through the experiments on Enron email dataset, we compared the model’s performance with independent cascade’s. The result shows that the model is feasible in the community influence maximization.

Artificial neural network (ANN) arithmetic was used to resolve near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectra of Cofrel medicine in powder. The contents of benproperine phosphate， which is effective pharmaceutical component in Cofrel medicine， has been accurately fast quantitatively predicted. The best model of ANN was designed. The effects of input nodes and hidden nodes on the results were discussed respectively. Comparison of the results with those of HPLC indicates the relative error of benproperine phosphate is less than 4.0%. The analytical result could be applied to the qualitative control of Cofrel medicines in practical manufacture.

The determination of dopamine at the active carbon modified carbon paste electrode (ACMCPE) via cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry was studied. Owing to the special quality of abundant surface functional groups, a well quasi reversible redox peak appeared between 0.37 V and 0.04 V when ACMCPE was scanning in pH=7.63 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) containing dopamine at a sc an rate of 100　mV/s. There were three linear calibrate curves of dopamine （DA） in a conc entration range of 2×10^－７~1×10^－３ mol/L for different preconcen tration time. The determination limit at Signal/Noise=3 was 7.5×10^－８ mol/L. Ascorbic acid (AA) as the familiar interfering compound had little interference in the determination of dopamine.

With the ecology principle as the standard, the computations of forest park ecology capacity, forest ecology value as　well as ecology trail helped the authors to systematically analyse Jingyue Tan forest park ecology function and sustainable development strategic objective and to indicate the tour population of Jingyue Tan forest park at present still slightly lower than the ecology capacity. The forest use value is 3 880 590 000 Yuan, also locates inside the growth and has the b igger use value. Total ecology trail of Jingyue Tan forest park is 79 square kilom etres, identically horizontal with the national other tour areas.

The solid-state reaction method was used to prepare the perovskite oxide SmCoO₃.The structure and properties of the samples have been investigated by XRD，Raman spectral techniques and DC measurements and so on.The XRD and Raman spectra show that the mixtures of Co₂O₃ and Sm₂O₃ can form a single-phase perovskite oxide SmCoO₃ by solid-state reaction around 1353K.The clearly observed band in the room temperature Raman spectra of single-phase SmCoO₃ is at 140~175cm^-1,，which is assigned to the stretching of Sm—O and the winding of O—Sm—O.The single-phase SmCoO₃is an insulator below 600K，and the conductivity is enhanced obviously with temperature increasing above 600K.This may be explained by the fact that an insulator to semiconductor transition occurs around 470K.The thermal expansion coefficient（2.17×10^-5,K^-1,）of the single-phase SmCoO₃is approximately equal to that of doped LaGaO₃，but bigger than that of SDC（Ce_0.85Sm_0.15O₂）above 873K.

Web service combination, as a technique to fulfill the user’s requirements by means of reusing existing webs, has become a pop topic in the researches of Service Oriented Computing(SOC). The current combination approaches based on three Semantic Web services frameworks are described and their lim itations in regard to main requirements of SWS combination that need to be resolved are summed up. Therefore the clear issues for SWS composition is given, it is of a certain significance for research work in this area.

We studied the radial symmetric solutions to the initial and boundary value problem of a fourth order nonlinear parabolic equation via the method of parabolic regularization and the Campanato framework and uniform Schauder type estimates, we obtained the existence of classical solutions for the regularized problem. On the basis of some necessary uniform estimates on the solutions of the regularized problem, we proved the existence of weak solutions.

A new kernel based fuzzy clustering algorithm was proposed on the basis of combining the kernel technique with the rules of the im proved fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, the sample points are mapped into the feature space via introducing the kernel function into the clustering model to improve the performance. The new algorithm is robust to the noises because it relaxes the constraint conditions used in the fuzzy c-means clustering model. We compared the results with those of some most frequently used clustering algorithms to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

The reactions of seven carbon tethered internal alkynyl cyclopropanol silyl ethers under the catalyzation of cationic gold or silver af
forded the corresponding α,βunsaturated enone with the highest yield of 78%. The structures of these compounds were identified by IR, ¹ H NMR, ¹³C NMR spectra. The mechanism of cycloreaction was also dicussed.

This paper proposes a hybrid algorithm (Powell-NLCPSO) based on the Powell search method and the local constriction approach particle swarm optimization with nonlinear varying inertia weight for unconstrained optimization. PowellNLCPSO is very easy to implement in practice since it does not require gradient computation. The modification of both the Powell search method and the particle swarm optimization intends to produce faster and more accurate convergence. The main purpose of the paper is to demonstrate how the standard particle swarm optimizers can be improved by incorporating a hybrid strategy. The computational results of a suit of 20 test function problems taken from the literature show that the hybrid PowellNLCPSO approach outperforms other three relevant search techniques (i.e., the original PSO, the guaranteed convergenceparticle swarm optimization (GCPSO) and hybrid NMPSO) in terms of solution quality and convergence rate. In a later part of the comparative experiment, the PowellNLCPSO algorithm is compared to various most uptodate cooperative PSO (CPSO) procedures appeared in the literature. The comparison report still largely favors the PowellNLCPSO algorithm in the performance of accuracy, robustness and function evaluation. As evidenced by the overall assessment based on computational experience, the new algorithm has been demonstrated to be extremely effective and efficient at locating bestpractice optimal solutions for unconstrained optimization.

A supramolecular complex {［Cd(phen)₃］·NDC·8(H₂O)}（1） (phen： 1,10-phenanthroline， NDC： 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) was synthesized under hydrothermal condition and characterized with elementalanalysis and singlecrystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 crystallized in the triclinic system with space group P1, a=1.201　0(2)　nm , b=1.286　4(3) nm, c=1.709　7(3) nm, α=74.21(3)°, β=69.92(3)°, γ=71.40(3)°, V=2.311　7(8) nm³, Z=2， R₁=0.066　0, wR₂=0.204 3.This complex shows photoluminescence property,indicating that it may be appliedin the development of luminescent materials.

Dozens of water samples were taken from typical rivers in Jilin Province at different periods in 2005 and 2006, and the permanganate value（PV）, chemical oxygen demand（COD） and total organic carbon（TOC） values were measured separately. The quantitative relationship models between PV and TOC, COD and TOC, COD and PV of typical rivers in Jilin Province at different periods were established via linear regression obtained with least square method and the correlation test was carried out. The results indicate that there are significant linear correlation between PV and TOC, COD and TOC, COD and PV values of these rivers water samples at different periods. There are differences in the relationships between PV and TOC, COD and TOC, COD and PV of these rivers at different periods.

La_0.7Ca_0.3Mn_1-xCu_xO₃（ bulk samples with different Cu contents (x=0~0.15) were prepared by solid reaction method. Temperature dependence of Cu doped samples was studied in a range of 77~300 K. The result indicates that the resistivity of the sample without Cu doped follows the T^2.5 model in ferromagnetic phase at low temperatures, while in paramagnetic phase it obeys the small polaron hopping model. Low doped sample match the T^4.5 model at low temperatures in ferromagnetic phase. With the doping content increasing, no single model satisfies our experiment in both ferromagnetic phase and paramagnetic phase. This indicates much more complicated electric transport mechanism of high doped samples.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Dloop sequences of 23 individual horses from Lhasa and Zedang in Tibet were analyzed. The results reveal 16 unique haplotypes, 32 polymorphic sites (31 transitions and 1 deletion), which account for 9.27% of the total number of sites in DNA sequence analyzed. The hapl otype diversity (h) and nucleotide diversity (π) were 0.93±0.04 and 2. 51%±0.16%, respectively, showing that abundant mitochondrial genetic diversity exists in Tibetan horses. Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis and multidimension al scaling analysis were performed based on the mtDNA sequences of Tibetan horses and the related Eurasian horse populations. The results show that Tibetan horses have widespread maternal origin. Tibetan horses are closely related to the populations from Near Asia, Central Asia and Europe, whereas they are less related to the populations from Mongolia and Korea.

The present paper deals with the optimal conditions of a nonsmooth optimization without constraints defined in a real Banach space by means of Penot generalized directional derivative and Clarke generalized gradient and presents a second order sufficient condition for obtaining strict local minimers by means of nonsmooth optimization.

Large current hot cathode glow discharge was used for plasma chemical vapor deposition of diamond films. It improved deposition rate and films quality efficiently. Large current glow discharge has a strong tendency to transform to arc discharge. This paper focuses our attention on the factors affecting the stability of large current hot cathode glow discharge. The research results show that the cathode temperature, the cathode surface state and the size and place disposition between cathode and anode have influences on the stability of glow discharge, respectively.

A variational difference method for obtaining the periodic solutions of N-body type Hamiltonian systems with singular potentia l was provided. By this difference scheme, infinitely many periodic solutions can be found.

Hydrolysis of soybean oil catalyzed by lipase from Candida lipalytica was investigated. The relative concentrations of the components in the hydrolysate were determined by means of HPLC, furthermore, a new rapid method to monitor soybean oil hydrolytic process was developed based on the relationship between the acid number and the relative concentration of the various components in the hydrolysate.

Phase transition of cobalt induced by mechanical milling and high pressure and its transition mechanisms were studied. α-Co with the hcp. structure completely transformed to β-Co with the fcc. structure after milling for 60 h due to the stacking fault and local temperature resulted from impact and shear force of steel balls during the milling process. However, the reverse transition from β-Co to α-Co was not observed, even milling up to 120 h.The reverse transition was studied under high pressure, and it was found that pressure can accelerate the transition from β-Co to α-Co, which is due to that this transformation is a diffusionless one and its thermodynamic barrier decreases by pressuring.

We studied an algorithm of tourism route analysis based on Tourism Geographic Information System (TGIS) using the technology of GIS, indirected graphs analysing and Dijkstra algorithm. Firstly, by means of the algorithm, a model of tourism route analysing was built after taking some hypotheses and predigestion, secondly, a indirected graph for tourism route analysing was generated via the information about travel industry sites, information about roads and finally this algorithm was investigated by adopting the motheds of giving all conditions and Dijkstra algorithm. This algorithm can help tourists choice a best tour route.

A hybrid algorithm was proposed to solve function optimization problems in noisy environment which combined the Unified Particle Swarm Optimization Scheme, hypothesis test and optimal computing budget allocation technique together. The algorithm has good abilities of exploration and exploitation. Numerical simulations based on several representative benchmark problems were carried out in noisy environment and a comparison was made between UPSOOHT and several popular algorithms. Additionally, the influences of OCBA and noise magnitude were studied. The results show that UPSOOHT has a better performance.

This paper introduces three random walk models on computating parabolic equations solved by Monte Carlo method, the corresponding prove and the error estimation are given; then a method on computating parabolic functions parallel is proposed based on the combination of Monte Carlo method with domain decomposition algorithm, the algorithm for onedimension functions is expounded. The condition suitable to the algorithm is given. Some numerical experiments were carried out for 2Dand 3Dparabolic functions. The resultsshow that the method can well handle parabolic functions parallel and can save lots of time.

We measured Raman spectra of meso-substituted tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives and analyzed the influences of donating and withdrawing substituting groups on the vibration of porphine skeletal modes. Compared with those of tetraphenylporphyrin, the frequency of stretching vibrations of (C_a—C_m) and (C_b—C_b)blue-shifted to high wave number when donating electron group was introduced (amino group), while it red-shifted to low wave number when withdrawing electron group was introduced (nitro group).

We made a detailed analysis on the dynamics of a time delay network with small world connection. On the basis of Lyapunov stability approach, we investigated the stability of the system firstly and presented a delaydependent criteria ensuring global stability. We further analyzed the effects of small world connection strength on systemic global stability.

Let {ε_t,t∈Z} be a strictly stationary sequence defined on a probability space (Ω,F,P) such that Eε₀= 0, and E|ε₀|^p<∞, for some p >2. And the sequence {ε_t,t∈Z}is assumed to satisfy the strong mixingconditions. {a_j, j∈Z}is a sequence of real numbers with . Using the weak convergence theorem of the linear process generated by strong mixing sequences and the moment inequalities of strong mixing sequences, we studied the precise asymptotics of a kind of weighted infinite series ofunder the conditions of b_n=O(1/log log n).