In order to solve the influence of stator resistance variation of permanent magnet synchronous motor on velocity measurement, by using a nonlinear system model of permanent magnet synchronous motor in α-β coordinate, the H_∞ robust filtering algorithm is introduced to enhance the robustness of the observer. To solve problem of large calculating number of sigma points, a new nonlinear filter is proposed using the method of single sampling of the sphere. A H_∞ robust spherical unscented Kalman filter observer is designed to observe the velocity state of the permanent magnet synchronous motor. When the permanent magnet synchronous motor stator resistance changes, the motor velocity error variances of the H_∞ robust spherical unscented Kalman filter, unscented Kalman filter and spherical unscented Kalman filter are compared and analyzed under the same system noise and measurement noise. The speed error variance of the H_∞ robust spherical unscented Kalman filter observer is close to 7 rad/min, which is much less than that of the other two observers, which are close to 40 rad/min and 20 rad/min respectively.

An individual linear parametrically varying headway control algorithm is designed based on H_∞ concept for Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) systems. The relative kinematics between the host vehicle and the preceding vehicle is represented using a linear parametrically varying model considering the uncertainty owing to the time gap set by drivers dynamically. The longitudinal acceleration is restrained under control input saturation and the passenger comfort is improved。 Furthermore, the controller gains are tuned in real time according to the dynamic time gap based on H_∞ concept and the nonlinear longitudinal dynamics controller is designed. Finally, the designed algorithm is validated under a typical condition and compared with the existing Dynamic Surface Controller (DSC). The results show that the individual setting of the time gap is achieved via the linear parametrically varying headway control algorithm, the deterioration of transient following performance for the sake of discrete variation of the time gap and automotive states is avoided.

An integration scheme is proposed to effectively integrate fault diagnosis algorithm into energy management strategy for hybrid electric vehicle. In this scheme, the fault detection, fault recognition, fault identification, fault rank division and fault tolerance control are integrated into the general energy management architecture. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, a fault diagnosis algorithm-integrated energy management strategy is established using MATLAB/Simulink combined with models constructed by Cruise software. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation results show the fault diagnosis algorithm-integrated energy management strategy can detect the vehicle faults and apply fault tolerance control accordingly. Meanwhile, the fault diagnosis algorithm and energy management strategy are effectively coordinated.

The anti-rollover control methods of commercial vehicles were analyzed first. Then, an active anti-rollover control strategy was proposed based on the Electronically Controlled Braking System (ECBS) of bus. A simplified 3D dynamic model of the bus was established to identify the roll dangerous working condition by Lateral-load Transfer Rate (LTR). Roll compensation torque was generated by a braking force distribution strategy on the wheels to keep the roll stability. A hardware-in-the-loop simulation test bench of ECBS system was established to verify the proposed active anti-rollover control strategy. Experiment results show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the roll safety of bus and prevent excessive LTR and roll angle.

The Logic Threshold Control Strategy (LTCS) is widely use in traditional Antilock Braking Control (ABC) system. In this LTCS method, the hydraulic braking torque is adjusted by the threshold logic, which is not real time updating. Therefore, the large braking torque fluctuation cannot be ignored, and the advantages of electro-mechanical composite system are under used. To address these problems, an Adaptive Filter Algorithm (AFA) for ABC of the electro-hydraulic system for pure electric vehicles is proposed. To avoid the influences of the nonlinearity of the composite braking system and the different response characteristics of the actuators on the braking performance and stability, the cooperative working of the electrical and mechanical braking system is improved. Using the proposed AFA algorithm, the braking performance, the comfort and the energy recovery ability are improved.

A simplified model of the side window bounding system of a bus is proposed in order to study the impact of the bounding system on the bus rollover safety. Based on the fact that under static load the failure stress of tempered glass is small, experiments are carried out, in which quasi-static load is applied on the tempered glass. During the experiment, the stress values at six points on the glass are collected. Then by fitting the mean-stress of the six points, the breaking limit of the tempered glass is obtained. Finally the breaking limit is applied to two bus rollover models, one with and the other one without adhesive glass, to compare their rollover performance. Results show that the adhesive side window does not have significant impact on the bus rollover process.

The vibration active control of piezoelectric smart constrained layer damping technology was researched with a clamped-clamped plate structure. The modal active control model was established based on piezoelectric constitutive relation, GHM damping model and modal theory. The modal state observer was designed based on separation theorem since the modal coordinates can not be directly acquired by physical sensor in engineering practice. An active vibration controller was also designed using non-coupling modal control and quadratic optimal control. Experiments of hardware in the loop and active vibration control were carried out under different external disturbance excitations. Results show that, using modal controller with an observer, good effect of active control of the plate vibration can be obtained. When the external excitation is complicated periodic signal, the vibration response amplitude attenuates to nearly 60%. When the external excitation is random white noise, the root mean square value of the vibration response reduces by 9.48%.

A vehicle model was constructed using the multi-body dynamic software Trucksim to investigate the transient rollover state according to the simulation results. Through the transient step response simulation under different speeds, the change laws of the state variables were acquired, including the vertical load on the tire, lateral acceleration, yaw rate, roll angle and articulation angle. According to the transient changes of the vertical load on the tire, the sequence of critical rollover of the axles was determined, which was compared with the lateral acceleration threshold evaluation results. It is shown that the first semitrailer axle is the earliest prone to critical rollover risk. By changing the vehicle speed and the steering wheel angle, a vehicle speed stability region of the critical rollover is acquired.

To improve the integration of the brake-by-wire system, a braking system, which can realize pressure individual regulation of the wheel cylinder, was developed. The parameters of the system were obtained by mathematical modeling and simulation. A prototype consisting of motor, ball screw assembly, master cylinder, sensors and other components was developed. The Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test rig was set up based on the co-simulation of MATLAB/Simulink and veDYNA. A fuzzy PD controller was designed and HIL test for ABS function of the prototype was carried out. Results show that the hydraulic pressure of the wheel cylinders can be individually regulated, and the single wheel cylinder pressure regulation frequency can reach 20 Hz. Limited by the performance of the motor, the system can only realize part of the ABS function.

In order to solve the problems of the lower fairness in the consumption of public transportation resources and the serious lack of passenger flow information, a set of mileage-based bus pricing and real time passenger flow information collecting methods are proposed in public transportation system. These methods are based on the GPS bus tracking and scheduling system, auto-announcing system of bus stations and IC card charging system. With the support of the mileage-based pricing, the diversified bus fares, and the concessionary fares for transfer travel or long distance travel, these methods can be used can be used to get the passenger flow information completely, reliably, timely, continuously and economically. This sort of information is helpful to improve the rationality of a single decision and the cooperativity of a set of decisions in public transportation planning, management and operation.

To determine the primary suspension dynamic and static stiffness of railway vehicle bogie, the test principle and method were proposed based on a new bogie test bench. The primary suspension and the secondary suspension were separated by a frame-fixing device, which was supposed to fasten the frame of the bogie. Forces along three directions were imposed respectively on the primary suspension, and the corresponding displacements were measured to calculate the stiffness. According to the calculated stiffness the spring quality and assembly relationship of the primary suspension were evaluated. For a certain metro trailer bogie, the dynamic and static stiffness of the primary suspension were measured by experiments. It is shown that differences between the measured static stiffness and the designed static stiffness of the primary suspension along the three directions are within allowed range of 10%. So the tested primary suspension of the bogie meets the designing requirements. The dynamic horizontal stiffness of the primary suspension is supposed to decrease with the increase in its corresponding frequency. However unlike 1# and 2# primary suspensions, which follow the principle mentioned above, the horizontal dynamic stiffness of 3# and 4# primary suspensions both fluctuated around the frequencies of 5.5 Hz and 8.5 Hz. This difference between the wheel sets is attributed to the assembly deviation of the wheels and axle box. Therefore, the assembly relationship of the primary suspension of the tested bogie should be appropriately adjusted.

Based on measured strain data, a method of differential settlement identification of piers for continuous beam is proposed using theoretical and experimental analysis. First, the analytical formula with respect to the Variation of Strain Value (VSV) of the beam and the differential settlement identification of piers is derived by employing a three-equal-span continuous beam for instance. Also it is proved that the VSV result from minor differential settlement of piers is measureable in the case of a certain rigid light railway bridge. Second, the relationship between the VSV obtained from the bottom of the beam and the upright rectification value is analyzed using a three-unequal-span continuous beam for verification, where the settlement is simulated using the upright rectification method. Meanwhile, the performance of the new type Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors is demonstrated as well. Third, for the experimental model, the expression of the relationship between the VSV on the bottom of the beam and the differential settlement of the piers is derived, which reflects a well consistency between theoretical and experimental results in both cases (differential settlement of side pier and mid pier) under the condition of various degrees of differential settlement. Finally, the identification procedure and strategy are briefly clarified.

In order to obtain precise prediction of concrete strength, a prediction model of concrete strength is proposed, which is based on Least Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) optimized by Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO). First, the data of concrete strength are collected and normalized. Second, LSSVM is used to model the relationship between the concrete strength and the impact factors, and CPSO algorithm is applied to search the optimal parameters of LSSVM. Finally, the prediction performance is analyzed on the concrete strength data. Results show that the proposed model can accurately describe the relationship between the concrete strength and the impact factors, and improve the prediction accuracy of the concrete strength. This model has certain practical value.

A target torque based injection quantity control strategy for diesel engine starting is presented, which is compared with constant fuel quantity control method and MAP based control method by experiments on a 2.8 T high pressure common rail diesel engine. The results show that, with the MAP based control, the NO_x emission is lower but the HC and CO emissions are higher and the combustion efficiency is lower. The combustion efficiency of the constant fuel quantity control is higher and the HC and CO emissions are lower, but the NO_x emission is higher and the speed fluctuation is serious during the transition from start to idle. With the proposed control strategy, the injection quantity is accurately controlled according to the instantaneous torque demand, so the fuel consumption is lower and the combustion efficiency is higher, meanwhile, the CO, HC and NO_x emissions are lower, the transition from start to idle is smooth.

In this paper, three-dimensional (3D) simulation was carried out for the process from intake stroke to exhaust valve opening of a Gasoline Direct-Injection (GDI) engine combined with Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. The effects of different EGR rates and excess air factor, λ, on combustion and emission performances were analyzed. The temperature field, flame surface density, NO concentration field, CO concentration field and soot concentration field were also investigated. Simulation results show that the EGR has little influence on the combustion but it can effectively reduce the emission when the EGR rate is 10%. In addition, while the cylinder pressure descends slightly, the emission can be obviously reduced when λ=1.1; while as λ=1.0, the engine has higher cylinder pressure and moderate emission.

To overcome the difficulty of cold start of spark methanol engine at low ambient temperature, the effects of the minimum amount of methanol injected per cycle, the ambient temperature, the angle difference between injection timing and ignition timing, preheating method and additional LPG injected into the inlet port on the critical firing boundary of the engine based on single cycle duel injection were investigated by experiments. Results show that the critical firing boundary is influenced by all the above factors, and by the angle difference between methanol injection timing and LPG injection timing. When the ambient temperature is below 16 ℃, an auxiliary start-aid must be used to support the cold start of the methanol engine. Glow plug preheating can ensure reliable firing of the methanol engine at ambient temperature above 0 ℃. Using an additional auxiliary start-aid, injecting LPG into the inlet port, can result in reliable firing at ambient temperature above -13 ℃.

In light of the characteristics of the swash-plate axial piston pump with multiple failure modes, first, the Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMEA) method is employed to identify the failure mode and effect of each component in a piston pump. Then, on the basis of the analysis of the stress factors that impact the failure rate, a simplified failure rate model of the swash-plate axial piston pump was set up according to the two forms of stresses applied in the Accelerated Life Test (ALT). Finally, an accelerated model of the swash-plate axial piston pump was obtained.

The static stiffness of the hydraulic transformer controlled system is researched. Based on the working principle of the hydraulic transformer controlled system, the system model is built. According to this system model the static stiffness models of the hydraulic transformer controlled motor and cylinder are established respectively, and the impact factors of the stiffness are analyzed. The static stiffness models of the pump controlled motor and cylinder are also deduced. Contrast experiments and simulations are carried out. Results indicate that compared to the pump controlled system, the stiffness of the hydraulic transformer controlled system is a little smaller. The static stiffness changes with the variation of the displacement of the hydraulic transformer oil port. According to the analysis, properly increasing the control angle of the hydraulic transformer is helpful to increase the pressure adjusting range of the hydraulic transformer controlled system and improve the static stiffness.

In order to solve the thermal characteristic requirements in hydraulic transmission system of loader, the heating mechanism and heat transfer process were analyzed. The heat balance model of the hydraulic transmission system was established based on the simplified heat balance calculation method, and heat production optimization model was built to reduce energy loss. For efficient calculation, simulation program was developed on Matlab. The power loss, quantity of heat and the temperature in the hydraulic transmission system of a ZL50 wheel loader were simulated under typical working condition, and the simulation results were compared with the test results. It is shown that the equilibrium temperatures of the transmission oil are within the normal working oil temperature scope under two kinds of operation mode. The heat balance model of the hydraulic transmission has good imitating accuracy and can predict the oil temperature rise curve. This research can provide a reference for the design and optimization of a hydraulic transmission system.

According the design standard of wind turbine and considering the influence of tip loss and lift-drag and other factors, Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory was used to design the blade on a 2MW pitch-control wind turbine to meet the design requirements. To validate the aerodynamic performance of the designed wind turbine blade, full 3D numerical simulation is conducted. Simulation results show that the static pressure, flow characteristics and turbulence intensity are in accordance with the blade aerodynamic characteristics and meet the design requirements. Comparison of the blade spanwise lift-drag coefficients with the 2D results suggests that full 3D numerical simulation can more accurately reflect the aerodynamic performance.

To improve the modeling precision of bolted joints, a new modeling method based on gradient virtual materials was proposed. First, the contact pressure distribution on bolted joint interface was obtained through interpolating and revising the contact interface force. Then, the analytical expressions of the elastic modulus and shear modulus were derived for gradient virtual material according to Hooke Law. By using a layering method, the analytical formulas of the gradient virtual material was inserted into finite element software to construct the interface model. Qualitative comparison of similar mode and quantitative comparison of corresponding natural frequency were carried out between the simulation and experimental results. It is shown that the first six order vibration shapes of the gradient virtual material models are consistent with experimental results. The modeling precision of the gradient virtual material model is much better than that of traditional virtual material model.

Based on the resonance decay response of time domain, a method to identify the nonlinear stiffness and damping was proposed using Hilbert transform. First, the free decay motion equation of the hard-coating composite structure under resonance status was determined and the formulas to identify nonlinear stiffness and damping parameters were derived. A numerical example was used to verify the correctness of the proposed identification algorithm. Then, the procedure of identifying the above parameters was presented. Finally, a titanium plate coated with NiCrAIY + YSZ hard coating was chosen as a study case, the nonlinear stiffness and damping parameters of the composite plate were identified and compared with the results of uncoated plate. It is shown that the hard coating can enhance the nonlinearity and increasing the damping of the structure, thus, improving the effect of vibration reduction.

First, a mathematical model related to the thermoelastic instability was established, and the critical speeds of two different types of distribution of hot spots were derived. Then the effects of the thickness of the brake pair and thermal-physical properties of the sliding layer on the stability of the sliding frictional systems were analyzed and compared. Results show that, the sliding frictional system is more vulnerable to have dissymmetrical mode of hot spots. The minimum critical speed, which denotes the threshold of thermoelastic instability of the sliding frictional system, can be enhanced by increasing the thickness of the frictional layer and decreasing thickness, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient and elastic modulus of the sliding layer. However, the specific heat of the sliding layer almost has no influence on the stability of the sliding frictional system.

A small testing platform to measure the resistance of jet surface was developed based on the principle of coaxial cylinder rotational viscometer. The circular flow field in the external-rotation vertical coaxial cylinder was analyzed using numerical simulation. The velocity and pressure distributions of the fluid in turbulence flow were obtained. The stability of the flow field was theoretically analyzed. Jet drag reduction experiments were carried out using the testing platform. Results show that the external-rotation circular flow field has strong regularity under turbulence flow. The effect of drag reduction in the experiment has the same trend as the simulation results, which verifies the feasibility of the testing platform. Compared with similar laboratory equipment for measuring the resistance between fluid and solid, the test platform has the advantage of smaller volume, lower cost, and is able to realize the function jet surface models. In addition, Experiment results with two kinds of jet hole shape show that the sample with a2b10 hole shape has good drag reduction effect when the external-rotation speed is 3000 r/min and the jet velocity is 2.5 m/s, the max drag reduction rate is 12.78%.

In order to establish bearing fatigue life model considering the effect of load sequence, a new fatigue damage accumulation theory and material fatigue limit stress were introduced based on the Miner theory and improved L-P theory. Taking deep-groove bearing 6205 as an example, the effects of load type, mean load, load amplitude, load frequency and rolling speed on bearing life were analyzed by combining bearing quasi dynamic calculation software. The results show that, comparing to equivalent load method, the modified life model can fully reflect the effects of the above mentioned five factors. The effect of load sequence is also considered in this modified life model.

Based on the NC stretch bending of a double curvatures beam of a railway vehicle, the formulae to calculate the profile deformation according to NC codes were developed. The variation trend and the influence factors of the elongation and rotation angle of the profile in NC stretch bending were analyzed. Besides, by importing the real deformation data into the numerical simulation model, the crack defect due to unreasonable elongation was analyzed and the corresponding tests were carried out. Results show that in NC stretch bending, the total elongation of the profile is significantly smaller than that of the tensile cylinder provided by the NC code, and the total rotation angle of the profile is larger than that of the arm. The position of the sliding block has a significant influence on the NC stretch bending of profile. The profile length, jig depth and pre-elongation do not affect the profile elongation in the wrap-stretching stage, but influence the elongation ratio.

The flow stress behavior of an in situ synthesized TiB and TiC reinforced Ti matrix composite was studied by isothermal hot compression tests with temperature ranging from 550 ℃ to 750 ℃ and strain rate from 0.0001 s^-1 to 0.0004 s^-1. Results show that the flow stress decreases with the increase in temperature, and increases with the increase in strain rate. The softening mechanism during the hot deformation is mainly determined by dynamic recovery with the support of dynamic recrystallization. The constitutive parameters of the composite were calculated on the basis of Arrhenius model and Zener-Hollomon parameter, and the constitutive equation in hyperbolic form was established.

In order to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the processing of high dimensional airport-noise data with incomplete labels, the time series dimensionality reduction and aircraft model recognition in airport-noise are investigated. First, we use semi-supervised local fisher method, which is based on probability class and uncorrelated discriminant (SLFisher), to obtain the transformation matrix of dimensionality reduction. Next, the high dimensional time series data are mapped to the low-dimensional space. Finally, we apply the k Nearest Neighbor (kNN) classifier to classify the obtained low-dimensional data. Experimental results on measured airport-noise data demonstrate that the performance of aircraft model recognition is remarkably improved after the dimensionality reduction achieved using SLFisher.

Most existing Chinese anaphora resolution models determine whether two mentions are coreferent by a binary classifier. This approach can lead to incorrect decisions as lower precision features often overwhelm the precision features. We propose a modified multi-pass sieve model for Chinese anaphora resolution to adapt to Chinese. We add a new semantic-based sieve to the original model for incorporating word sense information. The Web word sense information is imported to solve resource constraints. Furthermore, we modify the mention detection sieve based on the Chinese characters. The proposed model is evaluated on five different testing methods on the ACE2005 corpus. Results show that the proposed model outperforms two other baseline models by 4% and 9% respectively.

In this paper, the concept of sort tree is proposed, and the sort tree is used to store frequent itemsets, which proves the property of the last item pruning. Joining and pruning operations a re implemented as Apriori algorithm with O(1) time complexity. Ancestor-brother express is used to store the sort tree. If an ancestor does not exist in a transaction, all the brother nodes with the same ancestor will be skipped. So the time performance of counting support can be improved. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the time performance greatly compared with Apriori algorithm.

To meet the rapid growing requirements of large-scale data online processing, this paper proposes a Flexible Online MapReduce model and related dynamic topology protocols for streaming data processing. This model is compatible with existing MapReduce application, adopts in-memory computing, and possesses a dynamic job topology. It can support flexible adjustments of large-scale stream data in runtime to meet the requirements of real-time processing, dynamic flow and burst of data. Based on Flexible Online MapReduce model, the system architecture is designed to facilitate the model and a series of protocols are introduced, including Online Topology Initialization Protocol (OTIP), and Online Dynamic Adjusting Protocol (ODAP) for stream data job. To further integrate the system resources, the concept of operation sharing is introduced and Job Sharing Protocol (JSP) is designed. Protocol analyses illustrate that the communicating complexity of the protocol is O(n), and the system is able to adapt to the burst of stream data.

In order to qualitatively analyze different tampering means of digital images, a tampering evaluation model based on image statistical features is proposed. First, the Local Ternary Pattern (LTP) features, Local Binary Pattern (LBP) features and Weber Local Descriptor (WLD) features ternary are extracted from the image. Then, SVM is used to classify the nature images, computer generated images, copy-pasted images, spliced images and recaptured images. Experimental results show that the proposed model can effectively classify the tampering images in the blind environment, objectively identify the image tampering method, and the comprehensive correct detection rate can reach 85%.

In order to obtain high quality image information using infrared detector with low resolution, a compressive coded aperture imaging method based on the frequency spectrum plane and the Supper Resolution Image Reconstruction (SRIR) algorithm was investigated. First, the aperture encoder was added to the frequency spectrum plane, and the image sampling signal was compressive coded by Fourier transform. The, by virtue of the piecewise smooth of the optimal imaging system, the signal sparse representation was realized based on Fourier transform domain. Finally, the SRIR of the sparse signal was completed by improved Gradient Projection for Sparse Reconstruction (GPSR) parallel acceleration algorithm, which combined with GPSR-BB algorithm and adaptive non-monotone line search strategy. Experimental results indicate that the high resolution images can be constructed with information far less than that of the original signal.

With the rapid developments of intelligent vehicle technology and vehicle networking technology, automotive information security issues are facing severe challenges. In this paper, the current situation of in-vehicle CAN cyber security is analyzed, and the potential security vulnerabilities and attacks for In-vehicle CAN bus are summarized. Then, an In-vehicle CAN bus anomaly detection method, which uses information entropy, is proposed. Experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective.

First, the LAN traffic flow time series are reconstructed in the phase space using Takens theory. Then the embedding dimension and delay time are calculated via the C-C algorithm. Third, the average period is calculated via the frequency weighting derived from the power and averaging method. With the above steps the improved small data method becomes more complete. The improved small data method is applied to calculate the largest Lyapunov exponent of the chaos time series of the Lorenz system and the prediction data of the real measured LAN traffic flow time series. Results show that the LAN peak traffic flow is chaotic and the prediction based on the improved small data method is more accurate, faster, and more points can be predicted.

An improvement of Discrete Shuffled Frog-leaping Algorithm (DSFLA) is proposed. Fist, according to the characteristics of discrete optimization problems, the frog coding of universal significance is defined, which is important for DSFLA in solving discrete optimization effectively. Then, the update mechanism based on “swapping of coded bits” for DSFLA is designed, and an adaptive weighting factor and sub-ethic dual strategy are presented. Finally, the improved DSFLA is applied in compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm, in which the unknown reconstructed signal encoding is taken as the frog code. Typical TSP problems and multiple target localization in WSN are simulated. Simulation results show that the improved DSFLA has prominent ability to solve complex problems, and the perception accuracy of WSNs target reconstruction based on improved DSFLA CS reconstruction algorithm is better than that of the traditional signal reconstruction algorithm, and the anti noise capacity reaches 25~45 dB.

A Monte Carlo time-varying extreme learning machine is presented for dynamic reliability design of mechanical components under multiple failure modes. The explicit function expression of the reliable degree of these variables, such as the loads, strength, elastic modulus and design parameters, can be obtained by this model. Then, on this basis, a dynamic reliability design model for the mechanical components is established, and the dynamic particle swarm algorithm is applied for the solution of this model. Experiment results show that this method can provide all design parameters meeting the requirement of the reliable degree in the whole service life. This method can be used as an effective approach for optimized dynamic reliability design of mechanical components.

A quadratic real-time optimal control strategy is proposed in accordance with the decoupling characteristics between engine operating point and drive cycle in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) using Continuous Variable Transmission (CVT). By smoothing the engine operating curve, the strategy minimizes fuel consumption indirectly while the output of the drive system could track the given trajectory. Based on the second development of ADVISOR software, the simulation model is established for real-time optimal control system. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy not only leads to good driving performance of the vehicle with, but also reduces fuel consumption and emission significantly without and priori knowledge of the drive cycle. Compared with the global optimal control strategy based on Pontryagin's Minimum Principle (PMP) under eight types of drive cycle, the difference of fuel consumption is only about 1.05%~4.82%.

In order to improve the ability of quadruped robots to cross rough terrains, a static gait planning method is proposed. This method consists of three parts: the posture adjustment planning, the body trajectory planning and the foot trajectory planning. To improve the adaptability of the quadruped robot to the terrain through the posture adjustment, a method to calculate the pitching angle is proposed. The robot can obtain enough stability margin through a body sway motion, and the continuity of movement during the whole walking process can be guaranteed by using a quintic body trajectory. In addition, a box shape foot trajectory planning method is given to overcome the situation that the robot can not obtain the information of the terrain. Using the proposed static gait planning method, the robot can autonomously navigate through unknown irregular terrains with sufficient stability margin in real time.

A fractional lower order cyclic correlation-based subspace minimum norm method was proposed for the joint estimation of Directions-of-arrival (DOA) and polarization parameters of linear polarization array under mixed noise of α and/or Gaussian noise. Considering the characteristics of α stable distribution and using the cycle stationarity of signals, the proposed method overcomes the disadvantages of the traditional second order moment or high order cumulant-based methods, which can not by used under α noise. Using the fractional lower order cyclic correlation method, the proposed method makes up for the lack of cycle stationary disturbance suppression of the traditional fractional lower order moment method. The subspace minimum norm method used in this paper can effectively reduce the computation of the traditional MUSIC method and suppress the estimation error of the fractional lower order cyclic correlation function. Simulation results show that the proposed method is superior to the fractional lower order moment-based method for the suppression of the cycle stationary disturbance and the mixed noise of and Gaussian noise.

A Region-oriented Spectrum Sensing Model (RSSM) was proposed. First, the size of the sensing area of RSSM was deduced using path loss and fading margin theory. Then, in single-user spectrum sensing framework, the method of threshold setting and the impact of secondary user's location on the performance of spectrum sensing were analyzed. Furthermore, in hard decision-making cooperative spectrum sensing, the effect of the secondary user's dispersion on the performance of spectrum sensing was studied. Simulation results not only demonstrate the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed model, but also confirm the correctness of location information on the analysis of spectrum sensing performance.

A user scheduling mechanism based on dynamic relay stimulation is proposed for cooperative downlink communication system. The scheme jointly schedules a target user and a relay node. A reasonable portion of resource is offered as a reward to a mobile node that assists the data transmission of other user. The cooperative contribution of a relay node to the destination user is quantified. Based on this parameter as well as the user's residual energy, the scheduling weight is computed. Then the dynamic compensation of scheduling opportunity to a relay node is achieved. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can increase the fairness of users who participate in data cooperation. Also it can improve the system lifetime and user's energy efficiency.

An optimal power allocation algorithm is developed for cellular and Device-to-Device (D2D) hybrid network, where the Channel State Information (CSI) is imperfect. The obtained power solution is a simple but solid closed-form using the Lagrange multiplier method. The proposed power allocation algorithm is more robust to the CSI as compared with the traditional maximum transmit power allocation scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can obtain higher received Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) than that obtained using traditional power allocation scheme.

In order to overcome the defects of frame difference and background subtraction algorithms in moving object detection, a new method that integrates the two algorithms is proposed. First, when the Gaussian mixture model is employed to build the background model, the update of the variance is modified, so the model is more close to the real background. Then, two consecutive frame differencing is replaced by three consecutive frame differencing, and the differencing threshold is adaptive. Finally, the results of the two differences are integrated and the target is extracted after morphological process. Experimental results show that the method can effectively suppress noise and the "hole", the method is more adaptable and has good detection results.

To overcome the problem of huge hardware cost and computational load associated with the planar array in 3D sonar imaging application, a parallel subarray beamforming algorithm based on the cross array is proposed. The cross array can achieve 3D sonar image by two 1D linear arrays, which greatly simplifies the hardware complexity compared to planar array. The proposed algorithm is applied to optimize the receiving beamforming procedure of the cross array, and subdivide the receiving array into several subarrays. The first-stage frequency-domain beamforming is performed simultaneously in each subarray, and the second-stage beam-domain beamforming is implemented between the subarrays. The two-stage parallel and pipeline framework efficiently reduces the computational requirement of the beamforming. Moreover, the architecture of the algorithm on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is given. The simulation and analysis results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve similar beam performance but save half of the computational requirement compared to the direct method. As the number of beams increases, the superiority of the proposed algorithm becomes more obvious.

In order to evaluate the quality of blur image effectively, a no-reference image quality assessment method based on local standard deviation and saliency map is proposed. First, the Gaussian low-pass filter is used to construct a reference image through blurring the given image. Then, two features, namely local standard deviation map and saliency map, are selected to evaluate the quality of the blur image according to the changes of the two features before and after the blurring process. The proposed method is tested on LIVE database and CSIQ database, on which the Pearson linear correlation coefficients are 0.9315 and 0.9254 respectively, and the Spearman rank correlation coefficients are 0.9258 and 0.8962 respectively. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is close to the state-of-art method LPC-SI, however its computational complexity is much lower, only about 4.7% of that of LPC-SI.

An imaging method of multi-direction swath based on space-born hybrid phased-MIMO SAR is proposed, which combines traditional phased-array radar with a new technique for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar, and the 2-D DBF for this system is presented to achieve unambiguous wide swath imaging with high azimuth resolution. Firstly, the signal model was built and the virtual control matrix of the Hybrid Phased-MIMO SAR was derived. Secondly, considering the image overlap and range ambiguity caused by multiple direction imaging, the adaptive Digital Beamforming (DBF) algorithm in range was proposed to separate the overlap area in images and to suppress the ambiguity. Finally, azimuth ambiguity that exceeds the signal bandwidth is suppressed by weighting in azimuth. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of this 2-D processing. Compared with space-born bi-direction SAR by two major lobes and multi-direction SAR by phased array, operation mode will be more flexible by using our method, and satisfy requests of multifunctional space-born SAR.

Using traditional localization algorithms the location error is high for moving target. To solve this problem, an improved weighted centroid localization algorithm based on Received Signal Strength Intensity (RSSI) is proposed, and an improved Unscented Kalman Filter (UFK) algorithm is combined for RSSI filtering. For the defect that traditional centroid localization algorithm can only statically set the weights, in this improved algorithm, the localization error is used to correct the distance, which can effectively improves the localization accuracy. For the standard UKF algorithm, the minimum skewness strategy is used in the sampling process, and the adjustment factors are introduced to ensure the positive semidefinite of the prediction covariance matrix; simultaneously, the fading memory filtering method is used in filter updating process, which effectively inhibits the filter divergence and improves the filtering accuracy. Simulation results prove the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

To precisely analyze the electromagnetic environment in automotive engine block radiated by High Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP), the complex metallic equipments with different shapes at different positions, such as radiator, engine and gear-box were considered. The electric fields were computed at more than 500 points in the block, and the results were verified using self-reference method. Finally, the electromagnetic environment was analyzed from views of the electric field distribution, the frequency of occurrence of peak value and the electric field resonances. The results show that the electric peak values are Rayleigh distributed. The radiator leads the shift of the resonance frequency, and the engine results in the increase in electric field in important region. Metallic equipments evidently impact on the maximum electric field peak values in the block, which is doubled.

DS and D12H genes, which are involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis were obtained by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Enzyme Digestion Connection (EDC) techniques. Expression vectors of both genes were constructed, namely DS-pAUR123 and D12H-pAUR123. Then, both expression vectors were transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results show that both genes can be heterologously expressed into functional enzymes.

The filed of modern bionic research is becoming more and more wide, which is motivated by actual demand, scientific advance and related tasks. The bionic models have been extended from biology to ecology and human life. In human life, the vital phenomenon has become one of the most important inspiration sources to study and develop bionic products. Human beings use their unique creative thinking to discover the philosophy involved in their daily life. Based on such philosophy, new technologies have been invented and innovative progresses have been achieved. Bionics has huge application potential to our daily life. This article explains the wisdom, arts and philosophy in human life, which are becoming the source for cutting-edge technological inventions and the original bionic innovations, and promoting the development of more intelligent and human-friendly bionic products.